Autochthonous transmission of chikungunya virus in mainland EU/EEA, 2007–present
Chikungunya virus disease is an Aedes-borne disease widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Globally, the virus is predominantly transmitted by Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes. While Ae. aegypti is so far not established in mainland EU, Ae. albopictus is established in the southern and central parts of mainland EU and is spreading.
Chikungunya is not endemic in mainland EU/EEA and the majority of the cases are travellers infected outside of mainland EU/EEA. When the environmental conditions are favourable, in areas where Ae. albopictus is established, viraemic travel-related cases may generate a local transmission of the virus as demonstrated by the sporadic events of chikungunya virus transmission since 2007.
No events of autochthonous transmission were reported in the EU/EEA since 2017.
|
Year |
Country, region, municipalities |
Number of autochthonous cases |
Period of circulation (probable) |
Origin of the primary travel-related case (probable) |
Virus |
Presence E1-A226V |
References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2007 |
Italy, region of Emilia Romagna, (main transmission areas in Castiglione di Cervia and Castiglione di Ravenna) |
≈ 330 suspected, probable and confirmed |
July–September |
India |
CHIKV ECSA
|
Yes |
[1,2] |
|
2010 |
France, Var department, Fréjus |
2 |
September |
India |
CHIKV ECSA |
No |
[3-5] |
|
2014 |
France, Hérault department, Montpellier |
12 |
September– October |
Cameroon |
CHIKV ECSA
|
Yes |
[5,6] |
|
2017 |
France, Var department, Le Cannet-les-Maures and Taradeau |
17 (11 in Cannet-des-Maures and 6 in Taradeau) |
July–September
|
Central Africa |
CHIKV ECSA
|
Yes |
[5,7,8] |
|
2017 |
Italy, Lazio region (Anzio, Latina and Roma) and Calabria region (Guardavalle marina) |
270 confirmed and 219 probable |
August–November |
Asia (India/Pakistan)
|
CHIKV ECSA belonging to a branch of Indian Ocean Lineage (IOL) reported from Indian subcontinent (India, Pakistan) |
No |
[9-12] |
CHIKV ECSA: Chikungunya virus East/Central/South African lineage.
E1-A226V: CHIKV envelope protein 1 with alanine to valine substitution at position 226.
The table combines information published in official reports and in the scientific literature plus information that was provided by the public health institutes and/or the ministries of health in the affected Member States.
References
1. Angelini R, Finarelli A, Angelini P, et al. Chikungunya in north-eastern Italy: a summing up of the outbreak. Euro Surveill. 2007 Nov(12(11):E071122 071122).
2. Rezza R, Nicoletti L, Angelini R, Romi R, Finarelli AC, Panning M, et al. Infection with chikungunya virus in Italy: an outbreak in a temperate region. Lancet. 2007 December;30(9602):1840-6
3. Grandadam M, Caro V, Plumet S, Thiberge JM, Souares Y, Failloux AB, et al. Chikungunya virus, southeastern France. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2011 May;17(5):910-3.
4. Vega-Rua A, Zouache K, Caro V, Diancourt L, Delaunay P, Grandadam M, et al. High efficiency of temperate Aedes albopictus to transmit chikungunya and dengue viruses in the Southeast of France. PloS one. 2013;8(3):e59716.
5. Franke F GS, Cochet A, Jeannin C, Leparc-Goffart I, de Valk H, et al. Émergences de dengue et de chikungunya en France métropolitaine, 2010-2018. Bull Epidémiol Hebd. 2019;19-20:374-82.
6. Delisle E, Rousseau C, Broche B, Leparc-Goffart I, L'Ambert G, Cochet A, et al. Chikungunya outbreak in Montpellier, France, September to October 2014. Eurosurveillance. 2015;20(17):21108.
7. C. Calba, M. Guerbois-Galla, F. Franke, C. Jeannin, M. Auzet-Caillaud, et al. Preliminary report of an autochthonous chikungunya outbreak in France, July to September 2017. Euro Surveill. 2017;22(39):pii=17-00647.
8. Calba C, Guerbois-Galla M, Franke F, Jeannin C, Auzet-Caillaud M, Grard G, et al. Investigation of an autochthonous chikungunya outbreak, July–September 2017, France. Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique. 2018;66:S387-S8.
9. G. Venturi, M. Di Luca, C. Fortuna, M.E. Remoli, F. Riccardo, et al. Detection of a chikungunya outbreak in Central Italy, August to September 2017. Euro Surveill. 2017;22(39):pii=17-00646.
10. Lindh E, Argentini C, Remoli ME, Fortuna C, Faggioni G, Benedetti E, et al. The Italian 2017 Outbreak Chikungunya Virus Belongs to an Emerging Aedes albopictus-Adapted Virus Cluster Introduced From the Indian Subcontinent. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2019 Jan;6(1):ofy321.
11. Riccardo F, Di Luca M, Venturi G, Del Manso M. A secondary autochthonous Chikungunya outbreak in a village in Calabria, Italy. Provisionally accepted, under review. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2019.
12. Istituto Superiore di Sanità. Italy: autochtonous cases of chikungunya virus (updated 21 December 2017) Roma2017. Available from: http://www.salute.gov.it/portale/temi/documenti/chikungunya/bollettino_chikungunya_20171221.pdf.
