Mosquito maps

Surveillance for invasive mosquitoes

The surveillance maps shows the regions where surveillance activities for invasive mosquitoes were held in Europe and neighbouring regions.

Distribution maps of invasive mosquitoes

The maps show the current distribution of invasive mosquito species in EU/EEA at ‘regional’ administrative unit level. The maps are based on data (published and unpublished) provided and validated by experts.

Separate maps for the distribution of each of the following exotic mosquito species are currently available:  Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Aedes japonicus, Aedes atropalpus and Aedes koreicus.

For invasive species the possible distribution statuses are:

• Established: An established population (evidence of reproduction and overwintering) of the species has been observed in at least one municipality within the administrative unit.
• Introduced: The species has been detected (but without confirmed establishment) within the administrative unit.
• Absent: Field surveys or studies on mosquitoes were conducted but the species has not been detected within the administrative unit.
• No data: No sampling has been performed and no data on the species is available within the administrative unit.
• Unknown: It is unknown whether there are field studies on this species within the administrative unit.

Vector distribution status changes in terms of spatial units since the previous update

In July 2024, the map of Aedes albopictus was updated. Since the previous update (May 2024), the main changes are that the updated map shows the species’ establishment in two areas in Belgium, and a correction of its introduction in Pontevedra (instead of Lugo) in Spain.

In May 2024, the map of Aedes aegypti was updated. Since the previous update (October 2023), the main changes are that the updated map shows the species’ spread with an additional introduction into the Canary Islands (Spain).

The maps of Aedes atropalpus, Aedes japonicus, and Aedes koreicus were updated in October 2023. Since the previous update (August 2023), the main changes are:

• Aedes atropalpus: more absences reported thanks to the extension of surveillance in some countries (Estonia, Hungary, Portugal, Türkiye).

• Aedes japonicus: first findings of introduced and already established populations in southern Poland; further establishment in northern Czechia, Hungary, northern Italy, the Netherlands, Slovakia and northern Spain; more absences reported in some countries (Estonia, Portugal, Türkiye).

Aedes koreicus: the updated map shows further spread in Hungary and northern Italy (established populations) and first report of an established population in Slovenia; more absences reported in some countries (Estonia, Portugal, Spain, Türkiye).

Surveillance for native mosquitoes

The surveillance maps shows the regions where surveillance activities for native mosquitoes were held in Europe and neighbouring regions.

Distribution maps of native mosquitoes

The maps show the current distribution of native mosquito species in Europe at ‘regional’ administrative unit level. The maps are based only on confirmed data (published and unpublished) provided by experts.

For native species the possible distribution statuses are:

• Present: The species has been observed to be present in at least one municipality within the administrative unit.
• Introduced: The species has been introduced in the administrative unit without confirmed establishment.
• Anticipated Absent: the species has never been reported and there is a high probability that it is absent.
• Confirmed Absent: the species has never been reported within the administrative unit and there have been field surveys or studies on mosquitoes within the last 5 years of the distribution status date.
• No Data: No sampling has been performed and no data on the species is available.
• Unknown: The status is unknown

Areas outside the scope of the VectorNet geographical scope are colour-coded as ‘Outside scope’.

Vector distribution status changes in terms of spatial units since the previous update

Since the previous update (August 2023), datasets were completed for a wide range of species, with 10.1% as ‘Presence’ data, and 89.4% as absence data (83.7% ‘Anticipated Absent’ and 2.1% ‘Observed Absent’). Important data sets for the occurrence of native species are reported for Israel and Palestine, for which all maps can now be considered completed, according to the published data. However, the species distribution may still slightly change when further field studies are implemented and published, and if mosquito populations do shift. Other notable reports are:

• Aedes caspius: distribution is completed in e.g. Egypt, Israel, Romania.

• Aedes detritus/coluzzii: distribution is completed in e.g. Egypt, Israel.

• Aedes vexans s.l.: distribution is completed in e.g. Romania.

• Anopheles claviger s.l.: distribution is completed in e.g. Jordan and Israel.

• Anopheles maculipennis s.l.: distribution is completed in e.g. the Netherlands and Romania.

• Anopheles plumbeus: first presence data for Poland was reported.

• Coquillettidia richiardii: distribution is completed in e.g. Czechia, the Netherlands, Romania.

• Culex modestus: first presence report in Finland is reported.

• Culex pipiens: distribution is completed in many countries, in particular in Germany and Romania.

Maps for the following species have been published for the first time: Culex antennatus, Culex theileri, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Culex perexiguus/univittatus, Anopheles claviger s.l., and Culiseta annulata.