Autochthonous transmission of dengue virus in EU/EEA, 2010-2019
Dengue is an Aedes-borne disease widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Globally, the virus is predominantly transmitted by the Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes. While Ae. aegypti is so far not established in continental EU, Ae. albopictus is established in the southern and central parts of the EU and is spreading.
Dengue is not endemic in the EU/EEA and the vast majority of the cases are travellers infected outside of the EU/EEA. When the environmental conditions are favourable, in areas where Ae. albopictus is established, viraemic travel-related cases may generate a local transmission of the virus, as demonstrated by the sporadic events of dengue virus transmission since 2010.
| Year | Country, region, municipalities | Number of autochthonous cases | Probable period of circulation | Probable origin of the primary travel-related case | Virus | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | Croatia, Korčula Island and the Pelješac peninsula |
Two Croatian cases (and seven probable cases in same area with IgG and IgM positive) One case among a German traveller. |
August–October | Unknown | DEN-1 | [1-3] |
| 2010 | France, Alpes-Maritimes department, Nice | Two | End August–September | Probably Martinique | DEN-1 | [4-6] |
| 2013 | France, Bouches–du-Rhône department, in the vicinity of Aix-en-Provence | One | October | Guadeloupe | DEN-2* | [6, 7] |
| 2014 | France, Var department, Toulon | One | Early August | Unknown | DEN-1 (central America) | [6, 8] |
| 2014 | France, Var department, Toulon | One | Early September | Unknown | DEN-2 (Asia) | [6, 8] |
| 2014 | France, Bouches-du-Rhône department, Aubagne | Two | Late August–September | Unknown | DEN-2 (Asia) | [6, 8] |
| 2015 | France, Gard department, Nîmes | Eight | July–September | Possibly French Polynesia | DEN-1 | [9, 10] |
| 2018 | France, Alpes Maritimes department, Saint Laurent du Var | Five | September–October | Unknown | DEN-2 (Asia) | [6,11] |
| 2018 | France, Hérault department, Montpellier | Two | September–August | Unknown | DEN-1 (central America) | [6, 11] |
| 2018 | France, Gard department, Nîmes | One | October | Possibly French Polynesia | DEN-1 (Pacific) | [6] |
| 2018 | Spain, Murcia region or province of Cádiz | Three | August | Unknown | DEN-1 | [11-13] |
| 2018 | Spain, Murcia region | Two | September | Unknown | DEN-1 | [11-13] |
| 2018 | Spain, Catalonia region | One | October | Unknown | DEN-1 | [12, 13] |
| 2019 | Spain, Catalonia region | Two | September | Unknown | DEN-1 | [14, 15] |
| 2019 | France, Alpes-Maritimes department, Vallauris | Seven | Late August–September | Unknown | DEN-1 | [15, 16] |
| 2019 | France, Rhône department, Caluire-et-Cuire | Two | July | South-east Asia | Unknown | [15, 17] |
DEN-1 and DEN-2: Dengue serotype 1 and 2, respectively; *: by seroneutralization.
References:
1. Gjenero-Margan I, Aleraj B, Krajcar D, Lesnikar V, Klobucar A, Pem-Novosel I, et al. Autochthonous dengue fever in Croatia, August-September 2010. Euro Surveill. 2011 Mar 3;16(9).
2. Kurolt IC, Betica-Radic L, Dakovic-Rode O, Franco L, Zelena H, Tenorio A, et al. Molecular characterization of dengue virus 1 from autochthonous dengue fever cases in Croatia. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013 Mar;19(3):E163-5.
3. Schmidt-Chanasit J, Haditsch M, Schoneberg I, Gunther S, Stark K, Frank C. Dengue virus infection in a traveller returning from Croatia to Germany. Euro Surveill. 2010 Oct 07;15(40).
4. Vega-Rua A, Zouache K, Caro V, Diancourt L, Delaunay P, Grandadam M, et al. High efficiency of temperate Aedes albopictus to transmit chikungunya and dengue viruses in the Southeast of France. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e59716.
5. G La Ruche YS, A Armengaud, F Peloux-Petiot, P Delaunay, P Desprès, A Lenglet, F Jourdain, I Leparc-Goffart, F Charlet, L Ollier, K Mantey, T Mollet, J P Fournier, R Torrents, K Leitmeyer, P Hilairet, H Zeller, W Van Bortel, D Dejour-Salamanca, M Grandadam, M Gastellu-Etchegorry. First two autochthonous dengue virus infections in metropolitan France, September 2010. . Eurosurveillance. 2010;15(39).
6. Franke F GS, Cochet A, Jeannin C, Leparc-Goffart I, de Valk H, et al. Émergences de dengue et de chikungunya en France métropolitaine, 2010-2018. Bull Epidémiol Hebd. 2019;19-20:374-82.
7. Marchand E, Prat C, Jeannin C, Lafont E, Bergmann T, Flusin O, et al. Autochthonous case of dengue in France, October 2013. Euro Surveill. 2013 Dec 12;18(50):20661.
8. Giron S, Rizzi J, Leparc-Goffart I, Septfons A, Tine R, Cadiou B, et al. New occurrence of autochthonous cases of dengue fever in southeast France, August-September 2014 Bulletin épidémiologique hebdomadaire,. 2014 2015 Apr 28;13-14:217.
9. Succo T, Leparc-Goffart I, Ferre JB, Roiz D, Broche B, Maquart M, et al. Autochthonous dengue outbreak in Nimes, South of France, July to September 2015. Euro Surveill. 2016 May 26;21(21).
10. Succo T, Noel H, Nikolay B, Maquart M, Cochet A, Leparc-Goffart I, et al. Dengue serosurvey after a 2-month long outbreak in Nimes, France, 2015: was there more than met the eye? Euro Surveill. 2018 Jun;23(23).
11. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Local transmission of dengue fever in France and Spain – 2018 — 22 October 2018. Stockholm: ECDC; 2018.
12. Ministerio de Sanidad Consumo Y Bienestar Social. Primeros casos de dengue autóctono en España. Actualización noviembre 2018. [Internet]. 2018 [updated 23 November 2018; cited 2019 20 September].
13. Ministerio de Sanidad Consumo Y Bienestar Social. Dengue autóctono en España 2ª actualización [Internet]. 2018 [updated 31 May 2018; cited 2019 20 September].
14. Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya (ASPCAT). L'Agència de Salut Pública confirma un altre cas de dengue autòcton a Catalunya [Internet]. 2019 [updated 18 September 2019; cited 2019 20 September]. Available from: http://salutpublica.gencat.cat/ca/detalls/Article/Dengue-autocton
15. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Rapid risk assessment: Autochthonous cases of dengue in Spain and France. Stockholm: ECDC; 2019 [updated 1 Oct 2019]. Available from: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/rapid-risk-assessment-autochthonous-cases-dengue-spain-and-france
16. Sante Publique France - Agence regionale de sante - Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur. Veille Hebdo Point no 2019-41 publié le mercredi 16 octobre 2019. Marseille: Santé Publique France Paca-Corse; 2019. Available from: https://www.santepubliquefrance.fr/regions/provence-alpes-cote-d-azur-et-corse/documents/bulletin-regional/2019/surveillance-epidemiologique-en-paca.-point-au-16-octobre-2019
17. Sante Publique France - Agence regionale de sante - Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur. Le point épidémio Cellule régionale ARA Septembre 2019 Surveillance épidémiologique en région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes: Santé publique France Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes; 2019. Available from: https://www.santepubliquefrance.fr/regions/provence-alpes-cote-d-azur-et-corse/documents/bulletin-regional/2019/surveillance-epidemiologique-en-paca.-point-au-16-octobre-2019