Autochthonous transmission of dengue virus in mainland EU/EEA, 2010-present
Dengue is an Aedes-borne disease widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Globally, the virus is predominantly transmitted by the Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes. While Ae. aegypti is so far not established in mainland EU, Ae. albopictus is established in the southern and central parts of mainland EU and is spreading.
Dengue is not endemic in mainland EU/EEA and the vast majority of the cases are travellers infected outside of mainland EU/EEA. When the environmental conditions are favourable, in areas where Ae. albopictus is established, viraemic travel-related cases may generate a local transmission of the virus, as demonstrated by the sporadic events of dengue virus transmission since 2010.
Year |
Country |
Region, municipalities |
Number of autochthonous cases |
Probable period of virus circulation |
Probable origin of the virus |
Virus serotype |
Mode of transmission |
References |
2010 |
Croatia |
Korčula Island and the Pelješac peninsula |
10 |
August–October |
Unknown |
DENV-1 |
Vector-borne transmission |
[1-3] |
2010 |
France |
Alpes-Maritimes department, Nice |
2 |
August–September |
Martinique |
DENV-1 |
Vector-borne transmission |
[4-6] |
2013 |
France |
Bouches–du-Rhône department, Venelles |
1 |
September-October |
Guadeloupe |
DENV-2 |
Vector-borne transmission |
[6,7] |
2014 |
France |
Var department, Toulon |
1 |
July-August |
Unknown |
DENV-1 (central America) |
Vector-borne transmission |
[6,8] |
2014 |
France |
Var department, Toulon |
1 |
August-September |
Unknown |
DENV-2 (Asia) |
Vector-borne transmission |
[6,8] |
2014 |
France |
Bouches-du-Rhône department, Aubagne |
2 |
August–September |
Thailand |
DENV-2 (Asia) |
Vector-borne transmission |
[6,8] |
2015 |
France |
Gard department, Nîmes |
8 |
July–September |
French Polynesia |
DENV-1 |
Vector-borne transmission |
[6,9,10] |
2018 |
France |
Alpes Maritimes department, Saint-Laurent-du-Var |
5 |
September–October |
Unknown |
DENV-2 (Asia) |
Vector-borne transmission |
[6,11] |
2018 |
France |
Hérault department, Clapiers |
2 |
September–October |
Unknown |
DENV-1 (central America) |
Vector-borne transmission |
[6,11] |
2018 |
France |
Gard department, Nîmes |
1 |
September–October |
French Polynesia |
DENV-1 (Pacific) |
Vector-borne transmission |
[6] |
2018 |
Spain |
Murcia region or province of Cádiz |
5 |
August-September |
Unknown |
DENV-1 |
Vector-borne transmission |
[11-13] |
2018 |
Spain |
Catalonia region |
1 |
October |
Unknown |
DENV-1 |
Vector-borne transmission |
[13] |
2019 |
Spain |
Catalonia region |
1 |
September |
Unknown |
DENV-1 |
Vector-borne transmission |
[14,15] |
2019 |
France |
Alpes-Maritimes department, Vallauris |
7 |
August-September |
Thailand |
DENV-1 |
Vector-borne transmission |
[15,16] |
2019 |
France |
Rhône department, Caluire-et-Cuire |
2 |
July |
Cambodia |
Unknown |
Vector-borne transmission |
[15,17] |
2019 |
Germany |
Not applicable |
1 |
May |
Not applicable |
Unknown |
Needle-related injury |
[18] |
2019 |
Spain |
Municipality of Madrid |
1 |
August-September |
Cuba |
DENV-1 |
Sexual transmission |
[19] |
2020 |
France |
Hérault department, Cessenon-sur-Orb |
1 |
July |
Costa Rica |
DENV-1 |
Vector-borne transmission |
[20] |
2020 |
France |
Var department, la Croix Valmer |
3 |
July-August |
Unknown |
Unknown |
Vector-borne transmission |
[21,22] |
2020 |
Italy |
Veneto region, Montecchio Maggiore |
10 |
August |
Indonesia |
DENV-1 |
Vector-borne transmission |
[23] |
2020 |
France |
Alpes-Maritime department, Nice |
5 |
August-September |
Réunion |
DENV-2 |
Vector-borne transmission |
[22] |
2020 |
France |
Gard department, Saint-Jean-de-Valériscle |
1 |
August |
Guadeloupe |
Unknown |
Vector-borne transmission |
[22] |
2020 |
France |
Alpes-Maritime department, Saint-Laurent-du-Var |
2 |
September-October |
Unknown |
DENV-1 |
Vector-borne transmission |
[22] |
2020 |
France |
Hérault department, Montpellier or Gard department, Cabrières |
1 |
August-September |
Unknown |
Unknown |
Vector-borne transmission |
[22] |
2021 |
France |
Var department, Toulon |
1 |
July
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Vector-borne transmission |
[24] |
2022 |
France |
Pyrénées-Orientales department, Perpignan |
1 |
June |
Unknown |
DENV-3 |
Vector-borne transmission |
[25] |
2022 |
France |
Hautes-Pyrénées department, Andrest and Rabastens |
4 |
July-August |
Unknown |
Unknown |
Vector-borne transmission |
[25] |
2022 |
France |
Haute-Garonne department, Salvetat saint Gilles |
4 |
August |
Unknown |
Unknown |
Vector-borne transmission |
[25] |
2022 | France | Tarn et Garonne department, Montauban | 1 | August | Unknown | Unknown | Vector-borne transmission | [25] |
2022 | France | Haute-Garonne department, Toulouse | 2 | September | Unknown | Unknown | Vector-borne transmission | [25] |
2022 |
France |
Var department, Fayence |
7 |
June-July |
Unknown |
Unknown |
Vector-borne transmission |
[25] |
2022 |
France |
Alpes-Maritime department, Saint Jeannet, Gattières, and Gaude |
34 |
August-September |
Unknown |
Unknown |
Vector-borne transmission |
[25] |
2022 | France | Alpes-Maritime department, Saint Laurent du Var | 10 | August-September | Unknown | Unknown | Vector-borne transmission | [25] |
2022 | France | Corsica | 2 | September | Unknown | Unknown | Vector-borne transmission | [25] |
DENV-1, DENV-2, and DENV-3: Dengue virus serotype 1, 2 and 3, respectively.
The table combines information published in official reports and in the scientific literature plus information that was provided by the public health institutes and/or the ministries of health in the affected Member States.
References
- Gjenero-Margan I, Aleraj B, Krajcar D, Lesnikar V, Klobucar A, Pem-Novosel I, et al. Autochthonous dengue fever in Croatia, August-September 2010. Euro Surveill. 2011 Mar 03;16(9) Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21392489
- Kurolt IC, Betica-Radic L, Dakovic-Rode O, Franco L, Zelena H, Tenorio A, et al. Molecular characterization of dengue virus 1 from autochthonous dengue fever cases in Croatia. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013 Mar;19(3):E163-5. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23279586
- Schmidt-Chanasit J, Haditsch M, Schoneberg I, Gunther S, Stark K, Frank C. Dengue virus infection in a traveller returning from Croatia to Germany. Euro Surveill. 2010 Oct 07;15(40) Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20946759
- Vega-Rua A, Zouache K, Caro V, Diancourt L, Delaunay P, Grandadam M, et al. High efficiency of temperate Aedes albopictus to transmit chikungunya and dengue viruses in the Southeast of France. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e59716. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23527259
- La Ruche G, Souares Y, Armengaud A, Peloux-Petiot F, Delaunay P, Despres P, et al. First two autochthonous dengue virus infections in metropolitan France, September 2010. Euro Surveill. 2010 Sep 30;15(39):19676. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20929659
- Franke F, Giron S, Cochet A, Jeannin C, Leparc-Goffart I, de Valk H, et al. Autochthonous chikungunya and dengue fever outbeak in mainland France, 2010-2018 [in French: Emergences de dengue et de chikungunya en France métropolitaine, 2010-2018]. Bull Epidémiol Hebd. 2019;19-20; 9 Jul 2019 Available at: http://beh.santepubliquefrance.fr/beh/2019/19-20/pdf/2019_19-20_2.pdf
- Marchand E, Prat C, Jeannin C, Lafont E, Bergmann T, Flusin O, et al. Autochthonous case of dengue in France, October 2013. Euro Surveill. 2013 Dec 12;18(50):20661. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24342514
- Giron S, Rizzi J, Leparc-Goffart I, Septfons A, Tine R, Cadiou B, et al. New occurrence of autochthonous cases of dengue fever in southeast France, August-September 2014. Bull Epidémiol Hebd. 2014;13-14:217. Available at: http://invs.santepubliquefrance.fr/beh/2015/13-14/pdf/2015_13-14_3.pdf
- Succo T, Leparc-Goffart I, Ferre JB, Roiz D, Broche B, Maquart M, et al. Autochthonous dengue outbreak in Nimes, South of France, July to September 2015. Euro Surveill. 2016 May 26;21(21) Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27254729
- Succo T, Noel H, Nikolay B, Maquart M, Cochet A, Leparc-Goffart I, et al. Dengue serosurvey after a 2-month long outbreak in Nimes, France, 2015: was there more than met the eye? Euro Surveill. 2018 Jun;23(23) Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29897042
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Rapid Risk Assessment: Local transmission of dengue fever in France and Spain, 22 October 2018. Stockholm: ECDC, 2018
- Monge S, Garcia-Ortuzar V, Lopez Hernandez B, Lopaz Perez MA, Delacour-Estrella S, Sanchez-Seco MP, et al. Characterization of the first autochthonous dengue outbreak in Spain (August-September 2018). Acta Trop. 2020 May;205:105402. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32088276
- Centro de Coordinación de Alertas y Emergencias Sanitarias. Primeros casos de dengue autóctono en España [in Spanish: First autochthonous cases of dengue in Spain}; November 2018 Madrid: Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social.,
- Agència de Salut Pública. L'Agència de Salut Pública confirma un altre cas de dengue autòcton a Catalunya [in Catalan: the public health agency confirms a new autochthonous case of dengue in Catalonia]; 18 September 2019. Barcelona: Agència de Salut Pública,. Available at: https://salutpublica.gencat.cat/ca/detalls/Article/Dengue-autocton
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Rapid risk assessment: Autochthonous cases of dengue in Spain and France, 1 October 2019. Stockholm: ECDC. Available from: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/rapid-risk-assessment-autochthonous-cases-dengue-spain-and-france,
- Santé publique France (SpF), Agence regionale de santé Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur (ARS PACA). Surveillance épidémiologique en PACA. 16 October 2019. Saint-Maurice: SpF,
- Santé publique France, Agence regionale de santé Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes. Surveillance épidémiologique en région Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes. 14 October to 20 October 2019. Saint-Maurice: SpF. Available at: https://www.auvergne-rhone-alpes.ars.sante.fr/system/files/2019-10/PE_ARA_2019_23_bronchio_grippe.pdf
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Dengue. In: Annual epidemiological report for 2019. Stockholm: ECDC, 2021
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Rapid Risk Assessment: Sexual transmission of dengue in Spain Stockholm: ECDC. Available from: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/rapid-risk-assessment-sexual-transmission-dengue-spain,
- Santé publique France, Agence régionale de santé Occitanie. Un cas autochtone de dengue confirmé dans l’Hérault. 31 July 2020. Montpellier: ARS Occitanie. Available at: https://www.herault.gouv.fr/content/download/34737/233309/file/2020_07_31_CP-Dengue-Cessenon-sur-Orb-34_V2-dm.pdf
- Vermeulen TD, Reimerink J, Reusken C, Giron S, de Vries PJ. Autochthonous dengue in two Dutch tourists visiting Departement Var, southern France, July 2020. Euro Surveill. 2020 Oct;25(39) Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33006305
- Santé publique France. Chikungunya, dengue et zika - Données de la surveillance renforcée en France métropolitaine en 2020. Saint-Maurice: SPF; 2020. Available at: https://www.santepubliquefrance.fr/maladies-et-traumatismes/maladies-a-transmission-vectorielle/chikungunya/articles/donnees-en-france-metropolitaine/chikungunya-dengue-et-zika-donnees-de-la-surveillance-renforcee-en-france-metropolitaine-en-2020
- Lazzarini L, Barzon L, Foglia F, Manfrin V, Pacenti M, Pavan G, et al. First autochthonous dengue outbreak in Italy, August 2020. Euro Surveill. 2020 Sep;25(36) Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32914745
- Santé publique France, Agence régionale de santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (ARS PACA). Démoustication et surveillance renforcée après la détection d’un cas autochtone de dengue. 29 July 2021. Marseille: ARS PACA.
- Santé publique France. Chikungunya, dengue et zika - Données de la surveillance renforcée en France métropolitaine en 2022. Saint-Maurice: SPF; 2022. Available at: https://www.santepubliquefrance.fr/maladies-et-traumatismes/maladies-a-transmission-vectorielle/chikungunya/articles/donnees-en-france-metropolitaine/chikungunya-dengue-et-zika-donnees-de-la-surveillance-renforcee-en-france-metropolitaine-en-2022