The purpose of this review was to identify and synthesise the existing evidence on effectiveness of interventions targeting people who inject drugs at two stages of the care cascade: linkage to care and adherence to treatment of HIV, hepatitis B/C and TB.
This report documents the process and outcome of the assessment and translation of the evidence into guidance recommendations on linkage to care and/or adherence to treatment for HCV, HIV and TB for the ECDC technical report, ‘A systematic literature review of interventions to increase linkage to care and adherence to treatment for hepatitis B and C, HIV and tuberculosis among people who inject drugs’.
Anthrax continues to be a rare disease in humans in Europe, with only a few cases reported every year. For 2017, two European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries reported six confirmed anthrax cases (Romania reported five cases and Bulgaria one). The remaining 28 reporting countries did not notify any confirmed cases.
Anthrax continues to be an uncommon disease in humans in Europe, with only a few cases reported every year. For 2018, three confirmed anthrax cases were reported, one each in Netherlands, Romania and Spain. Twenty-seven EU/EEA countries notified zero confirmed cases.
This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) covers the period 31 July-6 August and includes updates on West Nile virus infection, monkeypox, COVID-19, cholera, diphteria, anthrax, Vibrio growth, Marburg virus disease, mass gatherings at the Birmingham 2022 Commonwealth games, MERS-CoV, and Poliovirus.
In 2020, 13 914 cases of hepatitis C were reported in 28 EU/EEA Member States. Excluding countries that only reported acute cases leaves 13 901 cases, which corresponds to a crude rate of 3.9 cases per 100 000 population.
This report presents findings related to the hepatitis B and C continuum of care, policy on testing and treatment, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hepatitis services in the EU/EEA from the second data collection conducted in 2021.