Viral hepatitis is an infection that causes inflammation of the liver. It can be caused by different viruses, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Both HBV and HCV can cause acute and chronic infections and are leading causes of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
This report of the European Food Safety Authority and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control presents the results of zoonoses monitoring and surveillance activities carried out in 2021 in 27 MSs, the United Kingdom (Northern Ireland) and nine non-MSs.
The purpose of this review was to identify and synthesise the existing evidence on effectiveness of interventions targeting people who inject drugs at two stages of the care cascade: linkage to care and adherence to treatment of HIV, hepatitis B/C and TB.
This report documents the process and outcome of the assessment and translation of the evidence into guidance recommendations on linkage to care and/or adherence to treatment for HCV, HIV and TB for the ECDC technical report, ‘A systematic literature review of interventions to increase linkage to care and adherence to treatment for hepatitis B and C, HIV and tuberculosis among people who inject drugs’.
Anthrax continues to be a rare disease in humans in Europe, with only a few cases reported every year. For 2017, two European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries reported six confirmed anthrax cases (Romania reported five cases and Bulgaria one). The remaining 28 reporting countries did not notify any confirmed cases.
Anthrax continues to be an uncommon disease in humans in Europe, with only a few cases reported every year. For 2018, three confirmed anthrax cases were reported, one each in Netherlands, Romania and Spain. Twenty-seven EU/EEA countries notified zero confirmed cases.