World Mosquito Day 2025: Europe sets new records for mosquito-borne diseases - ECDC supporting Member States in adapting to ‘new normal’

Europe is experiencing longer and more intense transmission seasons for mosquito-borne diseases, including WNV infection and chikungunya virus disease. This shift is driven by climatic and environmental factors such as rising temperatures, longer summer seasons, milder winters and changes in rainfall patterns — conditions that combine to create a favourable environment for mosquitoes to thrive and transmit viruses. Pamela Rendi-Wagner, ECDC Director, said:

'Europe is entering a new phase — where longer, more widespread and more intense transmission of mosquito-borne diseases is becoming the new normal. ECDC is working closely with all Member States to provide tailored support and timely public health guidance to strengthen Europe’s response'.

The mosquito that can spread chikungunya virus (Aedes albopictus) is now established in 16 European countries and 369 regions, up from just 114 regions a decade ago. Combined with increasing levels of international travel, this spread makes local outbreaks more likely. Europe has seen 27 chikungunya outbreaks so far in 2025, a new record for the continent. For the first time, a locally acquired chikungunya virus disease case has been reported in France’s Alsace region — an exceptional occurrence at this latitude, highlighting the continued northward expansion of the transmission risk.

The distribution of West Nile virus cases in Europe continues to shift and over the past decade, the infection has been detected in new areas every year. This year, for the first time, infections have been reported in the Italian provinces of Latina and Frosinone, and Sălaj County in Romania. Europe has recorded the highest number of West Nile virus cases in three years. ECDC expects infections to continue rising, likely reaching a seasonal peak in August or September.

New ECDC guidance outlines practical surveillance, prevention, and control measures for chikungunya virus disease, dengue, and Zika virus disease, with tailored recommendations for European countries, including those with limited experience or that have not previously faced the threat of these mosquito-borne diseases. Designed for public health authorities, the guidance provides a ready-to-use practical toolkit to assess risk levels and deploy preparedness and control measures suited to their specific situation. An ECDC guidance for West Nile virus is also available. Dr Céline Gossner, Head of Section Food-, Water-, Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases at ECDC, said:

'As the mosquito-borne disease landscape evolves, more people in Europe will be at risk in the future. This makes prevention more important than ever, both through coordinated public health action and personal protection measures. There is an urgent need to strengthen and scale up efficient, environmentally friendly mosquito control interventions'.

ECDC encourages individuals living in affected areas and visitors, especially the elderly, children, and people with weakened immune systems, to protect themselves against mosquito bites, using mosquito repellent, wearing long sleeves and trousers especially at dawn and dusk, using window screens, bed nets and air conditioning/fans. Healthcare professionals should be aware of the circulation of these viruses and ensure early diagnosis. New vaccines have been developed for chikungunya virus disease, but there is no vaccine for human use against WNV infection. 

Notes to the editor

• ECDC issues weekly and seasonal surveillance reports for chikungunya virus disease and West Nile virus across Europe to inform timely public-health responses. These reports provide an up-to-date overview of reported cases, affected areas, and include maps and trends that help visualise the evolving situation. Public health authorities can use this information to guide risk assessments, allocate resources, and activate vector control measures. Individuals can also use it to stay informed about local transmission and take appropriate personal protective measures, especially when living in or travelling to affected areas.
• As of 13 August 2025, eight European countries have reported 335 locally acquired human cases of WNV infection and 19 deaths. Italy remains the most affected country, with 274 confirmed infections, followed by Greece (35 cases), Serbia (nine cases), France (seven cases), Romania (six cases), Hungary (two cases), Bulgaria (one case), and Spain (one case).
• France has reported 111 cases of chikungunya virus disease and Italy seven. No deaths have been reported in mainland Europe, but globally, over 240 000 chikungunya virus disease cases and 90 deaths have been recorded so far in 2025.