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This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) covers the period 4-10 April 2026, and includes updates on avian influenza, dengue, and an overview of respiratory virus epidemiology in the EU/EEA.
Communicable disease threats report, 4-10 April 2026, Week 15
English (2.07 MB - PDF)
This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) covers the period 28 March-3 April 2026 and includes updates on SARS-CoV-2 variant classification, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), cholera, HIV, and avian influenza.
Communicable disease threats report, 28 March – 3 April 2026, Week 14
English (5.14 MB - PDF)
Cases of monkeypox (MPX) acquired in the EU have recently been reported in nine EU Member States (Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the Netherlands).
Risk assessment: Monkeypox multi-country outbreak
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Since 16 May 2022, and as of 4 April 2023, 21 170 cases of mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) have been reported by countries within the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA).
Public health considerations for mpox in EUEEA countries 2023
English (3.93 MB - PDF)
Since early May, and as of 11 October 2022, 20 455 confirmed cases of monkeypox (MPX) have been reported from 29 European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries, including four deaths. As of 30 September, MPX confirmed cases reported from EU/EEA countries represented almost one third (29.7%) of the cases reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) globally (68 267 cases).
Monkeypox multi-country outbreak - second update
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Since early May 2022 and as of 7 July, cases of monkeypox (MPX) have been reported in non-endemic countries. Twenty-six European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries have reported 4 908 cases, representing 65% of all cases reported worldwide in 2022.
Monkeypox multi-country outbreak - first update
English (1.09 MB - PDF)
This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) covers the period 21–27 March 2026 and includes updates on respiratory virus epidemiology in the EU/EEA, chikungunya, dengue, avian influenza, invasive meningococcal disease, aedes aegypti detection in Luxembourg, and measles.
Communicable disease threats report, 21 – 27 March 2026, Week 13
English (3.67 MB - PDF)
In-action reviews (IARs) and after-action reviews (AARs) – referred to collectively in this guide as ‘action reviews’ – provide a structured way to capture and act on the lessons learned during an ongoing or past public health emergency response.
Guide for designing and conducting in-action and after-action reviews
English (5.86 MB - PDF)
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Europe. High-quality laboratory diagnosis of TB is the basis for both individual patient treatment and surveillance.
Handbook on tuberculosis laboratory diagnostic methods in the European Union - updated 2026
English (5.31 MB - PDF)
This report provides an overview of the latest TB epidemiological situation. It is published jointly by the WHO Regional Office for Europe and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.
Tuberculosis surveillance and monitoring in Europe 2026 - 2024 Data
English (17.31 MB - PDF)
This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) covers the period 14 -20 March 2026 and includes updates on respiratory virus epidemiology in the EU/EEA, mass gathering monitoring, avian influenza, dengue, serious adverse events to IXCHIQ chikungunya virus disease vaccine, and invasive meningococcal disease.
Communicable disease threats report, 14 - 20 March 2026 , week 12
English (1.98 MB - PDF)
This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) covers the period 7-13 March 2026 and includes updates on respiratory virus epidemiology in the EU/EEA, measles, chikungunya, mass gathering monitoring, and mpox.
Communicable disease threats report, 7 – 13 March 2026 , week 11
English (1.18 MB - PDF)
Between 29 November 2025 and 27 February 2026, 2514 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) virus detections were reported in domestic (406) and wild (2108) birds in 32 countries in Europe.
Avian influenza overview December 2025–February 2026
English (1.94 MB - PDF)
This Reporting Protocol describes data collection for influenza, COVID-19, and other respiratory viruses (such as RSV or new viruses of public health concern) in the EU/EEA and wider WHO European Region. Data collection is integrated for most datasets in line with the operational considerations for respiratory virus surveillance in Europe.
Reporting Protocol for integrated respiratory virus surveillance, version 1.12
English (1.56 MB - PDF)
This report provides an overview of measles and rubella cases reported to ECDC through The European Surveillance System (TESSy).
This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) covers the period 28 February–6 March 2026 and includes updates on respiratory virus epidemiology in the EU/EEA, Sars-CoV-2 variant classification, MERS, mass gathering monitoring, and chikungunya.
Communicable disease threats report, 28 February – 6 March 2026 , week 10
English (5.7 MB - PDF)
In 2023, the notification rate of Legionnaires’ disease increased to 3.2 cases per 100 000 population, up from the 2.6 cases per 100 000 population reported in 2022.
Legionnaires’ disease - Annual Epidemiological Report for 2023
English (1.33 MB - PDF)
This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) covers the period 21 - 27 February 2026 and includes updates on respiratory virus epidemiology in the EU/EEA, mass gathering monitoring, chikungunya, cholera, and swine flu.
Communicable disease threats report, 21 - 27 February 2026, week 9
English (1.98 MB - PDF)
This report describes the legal background and the operational laboratory support context in which the implementation of the European Reference laboratories (from here on ‘EURLs’) for public health take place.
Establishment of EU Reference Laboratories for public health in Europe, 2026 edition
English (371.09 KB - PDF)
This document is an update of the rapid scientific advice published in June 2025. It contains recommendations on the EURL(s) for public health to be implemented under the 2026 EU4Health Work Programme.
Rapid ECDC advice on the designation of future European Reference Laboratories for public health
English (290.76 KB - PDF)
This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) covers the period 7 - 13 February 2026 and includes updates on respiratory virus epidemiology in the EU/EEA, mass gathering monitoring, avian influenza, and mpox.
Communicable disease threats report, 14 - 20 February 2026, week 8.pdf
English (2.04 MB - PDF)
From 19 December 2025 to 13 February 2026, six EU countries and the United Kingdom reported infants with gastrointestinal symptoms following the consumption of contaminated infant formula.
Multi-country foodborne event caused by cereulide in infant formula products
English (454.91 KB - PDF)
This Guide aims to provide relevant information and detail to stakeholders in countries under assessment for them to plan ECDC Public Health Emergency Preparedness Assessments (PHEPAs).
Guide for countries undergoing an ECDC Public Health Emergency Preparedness Assessment
English (3.65 MB - PDF)
This report presents the main findings of the 2023–2024 harmonised AMR monitoring in Salmonella spp., Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from humans, food-producing animals and derived meat.
The European Union Summary Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2023–2024
English (10.03 MB - PDF)
Intensive care units are the hospital wards with the highest prevalence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). The majority of HAIs in ICUs are associated with the use of invasive devices, and a significant proportion of these HAIs are considered preventable. Moreover
Healthcare-associated infections acquired in intensive care units - Annual Epidemiological Report for 2022
English (965.89 KB - PDF)