In 2018, 9 860 (7.8%) of patients staying in an intensive care unit (ICU) for more than two days presented with at least one ICU-acquired healthcare-associated infection (HAI) under surveillance (pneumonia, bloodstream infection or urinary tract infection).
This document aims to collate and present the lessons identified from the public health stakeholders who responded to the COVID-19 pandemic. It is intended to serve as input for countries revising their pandemic or emergency preparedness plans.
ECDC presents lessons learned from the response of Europe’s public health sector to the pandemic and highlights follow up actions addressing relevant issues which could improve Europe’s pandemic preparedness.
This document offers an overview of the available scientific evidence and epidemiological situation and provides public health considerations to support discussions and decisions on the planning and implementation of COVID-19 vaccination campaigns for 2023.