Evaluation of the SARS-CoV-2 testing policy in Belgium from June to December 2021

Testing strategies were first decided upon in Belgium by existing institutions, but during the crisis, other bodies were set up. The Belgian testing strategies were developed based on scientific advice and have regularly been adapted, with indications for testing, based on the epidemiological situation. The policies are put into operation through a strong mechanism of concertation and coordination involving all political levels in Belgium as well as, where needed, representatives of field actors. The case definitions used are aligned with those of ECDC.

Belgian Authorities have invested efforts to significantly increase SARS-CoV-2 testing capacities, both by means of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid antigen detection tests (RADT); self-administrated RADT have been recently introduced for specific circumstances.

Efforts are ongoing in Belgium for the deployment of a comprehensive syndromic surveillance system. The objective is to adapt existing sentinel surveillance networks for respiratory infections in order to include syndromic surveillance of COVID-19 and testing of SARS-CoV-2. Syndromic surveillance at the level of GPs, emergency departments and intensive care units are considered as initial priorities.

Belgium follows a broad testing strategy, with a defined order of priority outlined for different epidemic scenarios. The strategy prioritises the testing of vulnerable individuals, as well as those in high-risk settings, including healthcare workers and those in close contact with vulnerable people.

Belgium performs comprehensive genomic surveillance and sequences are reported weekly, with volumes sufficient to estimate variant proportions of 2.5% or lower, following ECDC recommendations.