Historical data on local transmission of dengue in the EU/EEA

Dengue is an Aedes-borne disease widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Globally, the virus is predominantly transmitted by the Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes. Aedes albopictus is established in a large part of Europe. Aedes aegypti is established notably in Cyprus, around the Black Sea and in the outermost region (OR) of Madeira. 

Dengue is not endemic in mainland EU/EEA and the vast majority of the cases are travellers infected outside of mainland EU/EEA. 

The table below illustrate the dengue situation in mainland EU/EEA, excluding the EU ORs. Historically, dengue has been endemic in the French ORs (i.e. French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Réunion, Martinique, Mayotte and Saint-Martin). Additionally, Madeira, an autonomous region of Portugal, experienced a major dengue outbreak in 2012. Since then, only sporadic locally acquired cases have been reported. In 2025, Madeira was the only outermost region reporting dengue activity, with two locally acquired dengue cases notified. For the other ORs (the Azores, the Canary Islands), no dengue cases were reported.  

Year        Country                Department or regions affected Number of autochthonous cases Probable period of virus circulation References
2010 Croatia Korčula Island and the Pelješac peninsula 10 August–October [1-3]
2010 France Alpes-Maritimes department 2 August–September [4-6]
2013 France Bouches–du-Rhône department 1 September-October [6,7]
2014 France Var and Bouches-du-Rhône departments 4 July-September [6,8]
2015 France Gard department 8 July–September  [6,9,10]
2018 France Alpes Maritimes, Hérault, and Gard departments 8 September–October [6,11]
2018  Spain Catalonia region, Murcia region or province of Cádiz 6 August-October [11-13]
2019 Spain Catalonia region 1 September [14,15]
2019 France Alpes-Maritimes and Rhône departments 9 July-September [15-17]
2020 France Hérault, Var, Alpes-Maritime, and Gard departments 13 July-October [18-20]
2020 Italy Veneto region 10 August [21]
2021  France Var and Hérault departments 2 July and September [22,23]
2022 France Pyrénées-Orientales, Hautes-Pyrénées, Haute-Garonne, Tarn et Garonne, Var, Alpes-Maritimes and Corse-du-Sud departments 65 June- September [24,25]
2022 Spain Ibiza 6 August-October [26]
2023 France

Val-de-Marne (3 cases), 

Bouches–du-Rhône (14 cases in 2 clusters), Pyrénées-Orientales (11 cases), Hérault (3 cases), Gard (9 cases), Alpes-Maritimes (3 cases) and Drôme (2 cases) departments

 45 July-October [27-29]
2023 Italy Lodi (41 cases), Rome (38 cases in the Rome metropolitan city and 1 case in Anzio) and Latina (2 cases) provinces 82 End of July-November [30-32]
2023 Spain Catalonia region (3 cases) 3 August-October [33,34]
2024 France Alpes-Maritimes (17 cases in 3 clusters), Drôme (2 cases), Hérault (3 cases in 2 clusters), Pyrénées-Orientales or Lozère (2 cases), Vaucluse (18 cases), Var (41 cases in 3 clusters) departments 83 Mid-June - October [35-37]
2024 Italy Abruzzo (15 cases), Emilia-Romagna (36 cases), Lombardy (12 cases), the Marches (146 cases), Tuscany (2 cases), Veneto (1 case) regions* 213 August-October [38-43]
2024 Spain Catalonia region (Tarragona province) 8 August-September [44,45]
2025 France Bouches-du-Rhône (10 cases), Loire (2 cases), Bouches-du-Rhône (5 cases), Var (1 case), Ain (2 cases), Lot (1 case), Pyrénées-Orientales (1 case), Gironde (3 cases), Hérault (1 case), Haute-Garonne (Fonsorbes - 2 cases), Haute-Garonne (Roques – 1 case) 29 June-September [46]
2025 Italy Bologna (3 cases), Vicenza (1 case) 4 July [46]
2025 Portugal Região Autónoma da Madeira (Funchal (Santa Maria Maior)) 2 January [46]

*Total case numbers for 2024 were only provided at the NUTS2 level. One case was reported without a place of infection and is therefore not mentioned. 

The table combines information published in official reports and in the scientific literature plus information that was provided by the public health institutes and/or the ministries of health in the affected Member States.

References:

  1. Gjenero-Margan I, Aleraj B, Krajcar D, Lesnikar V, Klobucar A, Pem-Novosel I, et al. Autochthonous dengue fever in Croatia, August-September 2010. Euro Surveill. 2011 Mar 03;16(9) Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21392489
  2. Kurolt IC, Betica-Radic L, Dakovic-Rode O, Franco L, Zelena H, Tenorio A, et al. Molecular characterization of dengue virus 1 from autochthonous dengue fever cases in Croatia. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013 Mar;19(3):E163-5. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23279586
  3. Schmidt-Chanasit J, Haditsch M, Schoneberg I, Gunther S, Stark K, Frank C. Dengue virus infection in a traveller returning from Croatia to Germany. Euro Surveill. 2010 Oct 07;15(40) Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20946759
  4. Vega-Rua A, Zouache K, Caro V, Diancourt L, Delaunay P, Grandadam M, et al. High efficiency of temperate Aedes albopictus to transmit chikungunya and dengue viruses in the Southeast of France. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e59716. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23527259
  5. La Ruche G, Souares Y, Armengaud A, Peloux-Petiot F, Delaunay P, Despres P, et al. First two autochthonous dengue virus infections in metropolitan France, September 2010. Euro Surveill. 2010 Sep 30;15(39):19676. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20929659
  6. Franke F, Giron S, Cochet A, Jeannin C, Leparc-Goffart I, de Valk H, et al. Autochthonous chikungunya and dengue fever outbreak in mainland France, 2010–2018 [in French: Emergences de dengue et de chikungunya en France métropolitaine, 2010–2018]. Bull Epidémiol Hebd. 2019;19–20. Available at: http://beh.santepubliquefrance.fr/beh/2019/19-20/pdf/2019_19-20_2.pdf
  7. Marchand E, Prat C, Jeannin C, Lafont E, Bergmann T, Flusin O, et al. Autochthonous case of dengue in France, October 2013. Euro Surveill. 2013 Dec 12;18(50):20661. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24342514
  8. Giron S, Rizzi J, Leparc-Goffart I, Septfons A, Tine R, Cadiou B, et al. New occurrence of autochthonous cases of dengue fever in southeast France, August-September 2014. Bull Epidémiol Hebd. 2015;13-14:217. Available at: https://invs.santepubliquefrance.fr/sites/default/files/rdd/document/80…
  9. Succo T, Leparc-Goffart I, Ferre JB, Roiz D, Broche B, Maquart M, et al. Autochthonous dengue outbreak in Nimes, South of France, July to September 2015. Euro Surveill. 2016 May 26;21(21) Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27254729
  10. Succo T, Noel H, Nikolay B, Maquart M, Cochet A, Leparc-Goffart I, et al. Dengue serosurvey after a 2-month long outbreak in Nimes, France, 2015: was there more than met the eye? Euro Surveill. 2018 Jun;23(23) Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29897042
  11. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Rapid risk assessment: local transmission of dengue fever in France and Spain, 22 October 2018. Stockholm: ECDC; 2028. Available at: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/rapid-risk-assessment-l…
  12. Monge S, Garcia-Ortuzar V, Lopez Hernandez B, Lopaz Perez MA, Delacour-Estrella S, Sanchez-Seco MP, et al. Characterization of the first autochthonous dengue outbreak in Spain (August-September 2018). Acta Trop. 2020 May;205:105402. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32088276
  13. Centro de Coordinación de Alertas y Emergencias Sanitarias. First autochthonous cases of dengue in Spain [in Spanish: Primeros casos de dengue autóctono en España]. Madrid: Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social; November 2018. Available at: https://www.sanidad.gob.es/profesionales/saludPublica/ccayes/alertasAct…
  14. Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya. The public health agency confirms another autochthonous case of dengue in Catalonia [in Catalan: L'Agència de Salut Pública confirma un altre cas de dengue autòcton a Catalunya]. Barcelona: Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya; 17 September 2019 . Available at: https://govern.cat/gov/notes-premsa/377289/lagencia-salut-publica-confi…
  15. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Rapid risk assessment: Autochthonous cases of dengue in Spain and France, 1 October 2019. Stockholm: ECDC; 2019. Available at: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/rapid-risk-assessment-autochthonous-cases-dengue-spain-and-france
  16. Santé publique France (SpF), Agence régionale de santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur (ARS PACA). Surveillance épidémiologique en PACA. Saint-Maurice: SpF; 23 October 2019. Available at: https://www.santepubliquefrance.fr/sites/default/files/rdd/document/pe_…
  17. Santé publique France, Agence régionale de santé Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Surveillance épidémiologique en région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, 14–20 October 2019. Saint-Maurice: SpF; 2019. Available at: https://www.santepubliquefrance.fr/sites/default/files/rdd/document/pe_…
  18. Santé publique France, Agence régionale de santé Occitanie. Autochthonous case of dengue confirmed in Hérault [in French: Un cas autochtone de dengue confirmé dans l’Hérault]. Montpellier: ARS Occitanie; 31 July 2020.
  19. Vermeulen TD, Reimerink J, Reusken C, Giron S, de Vries PJ. Autochthonous dengue in two Dutch tourists visiting Departement Var, southern France, July 2020. Euro Surveill. 2020 Oct;25(39). Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33006305
  20. Santé publique France. Chikungunya, dengue and Zika: enhanced surveillance data in mainland France, 2020 [in French: Chikungunya, dengue et zika - Données de la surveillance renforcée en France métropolitaine en 2020]. Saint-Maurice: SpF; 2020. Available at: https://www.santepubliquefrance.fr/maladies-et-traumatismes/maladies-a-transmission-vectorielle/chikungunya/articles/donnees-en-france-metropolitaine/chikungunya-dengue-et-zika-donnees-de-la-surveillance-renforcee-en-france-metropolitaine-en-2020
  21. Lazzarini L, Barzon L, Foglia F, Manfrin V, Pacenti M, Pavan G, et al. First autochthonous dengue outbreak in Italy, August 2020. Euro Surveill. 2020 Sep;25(36) Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32914745
  22. Santé publique France, Agence régionale de santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (ARS PACA). Mosquito control and enhanced surveillance after the detection of an autochthonous case of dengue [in French: Démoustication et surveillance renforcée après la détection d’un cas autochtone de dengue]. Marseille: ARS PACA; 29 July 2021.
  23. Santé publique France. Surveillance of dengue, chikungunya and Zika virus infections in mainland France: data for 2021 [in French: Surveillance des infections par les virus de la dengue, du chikungunya et du zika en France métropolitaine: données de l’année 2021]. Saint-Maurice: SpF; 2021. Available at: https://www.santepubliquefrance.fr/maladies-et-traumatismes/maladies-a-transmission-vectorielle/chikungunya/documents/rapport-synthese/surveillance-des-infections-par-les-virus-de-la-dengue-du-chikungunya-et-du-zika-en-france-metropolitaine-donnees-de-l-annee-2021
  24. Santé publique France. Chikungunya, dengue and Zika: enhanced surveillance data in mainland France, 2022 [in French: Chikungunya, dengue et zika - Données de la surveillance renforcée en France métropolitaine en 2022]. Saint-Maurice: SpF; 2022. Available at: https://www.santepubliquefrance.fr/maladies-et-traumatismes/maladies-a-transmission-vectorielle/chikungunya/articles/donnees-en-france-metropolitaine/chikungunya-dengue-et-zika-donnees-de-la-surveillance-renforcee-en-france-metropolitaine-en-2022
  25. Cochet A, Calba C, Jourdain F, Grard G, Durand GA, Guinard A, et al. Autochthonous dengue in mainland France, 2022: geographical extension and incidence increase. Euro Surveill. 2022 Nov;27(44) Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36330819
  26. Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social. Agrupación de casos de dengue autóctono en Ibiza [in Spanish: Cluster of autochthonous dengue cases in Ibiza]. Madrid: Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social; 28 February 2023. Available at: https://www.sanidad.gob.es/profesionales/saludPublica/ccayes/alertasActual/docs/20230228_ERR_Dengue_autoctono.pdf
  27. Agence Régionale de Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (ARS PACA). Bouches-du-Rhône : démoustication et surveillance renforcée après la détection de deux cas autochtones de dengue [in French: Bouches-du-Rhône: mosquito control and enhanced surveillance after the detection of two autochthonous cases of dengue fever]. Marseille: ARS PACA; 2023.
  28. Agence Régionale de Santé Île-de-France. Lutte anti-vectorielle : l’ARS confirme un 1er cas autochtone de dengue en Île-de-France et engage deux actions de démoustication à Limeil-Brévannes (94) [in French: Vector control: the ARS confirms a 1st autochthonous case of dengue fever in Île-de-France and initiates two mosquito control actions in Limeil-Brévannes (94)]; 17 October 2023. Saint-Denis: ARS Île-de-France; 2023. Available at: https://www.iledefrance.ars.sante.fr/lutte-anti-vectorielle-lars-confir…
  29. Santé publique France. Chikungunya, dengue and Zika: enhanced surveillance data in mainland France, 2023 [in French: Chikungunya, dengue et zika - Données de la surveillance renforcée en France métropolitaine en 2023]. Saint-Maurice: SpF; 2023. Available at: https://www.santepubliquefrance.fr/maladies-et-traumatismes/maladies-a-transmission-vectorielle/chikungunya/articles/donnees-en-france-metropolitaine/chikungunya-dengue-et-zika-donnees-de-la-surveillance-renforcee-en-france-metropolitaine-en-2023
  30. Regione Lombardia. Virus Dengue, identificato in provincia di Lodi primo caso lombardo [in Italian: Dengue virus, first Lombard case identified in the province of Lodi]. 18 August 2023. Available at: https://www.lombardianotizie.online/virus-dengue-lodi/
  31. Regione Lombardia. Dengue virus, two further cases identified in Castiglione d'Adda (Lodi) [in Italian: Dengue virus, a Castiglione d'Adda (Lodi) individuati altri 2 casi]. 24 August 2023. Available at: https://www.lombardianotizie.online/virus-dengue/
  32. Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS). Dengue fever: latest updates [in Italian: Febbre dengue: ultimi aggiornamenti]. Rome: ISS; 2023. Available at: https://www.epicentro.iss.it/febbre-dengue/aggiornamenti
  33. Agencia de Salud Pública de Cataluña (ASPCAT). Epidemiological situation of arbovirus cases in Catalonia [in Spanish: Situació epidemiològica dels casos d’arbovirosi a Catalunya]. 30 October 2023. Available at: https://www.fundacionio.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/situacio-arbovir…
  34. Agencia de Salud Pública de Cataluña (ASPCAT). Update of the dengue information note [in Catalan: Actualització nota informativa del dengue]. 2023. Available at: https://salutpublica.gencat.cat/ca/detalls/Article/271023-dengue
  35. Agence régionale de santé Occitanie. An autochthonous case of dengue reported in Montpellier-Pérols: preventive actions deployed in the Port Marianne district of Montpellier and near the exhibition centre in Pérols [in French: Un cas autochtone de dengue signalé à Montpellier-Pérols : des actions préventives déployées dans le quartier de Port Marianne à Montpellier et à proximité du Parc des expositions à Pérols]. 08 July 2024. Available at: https://www.occitanie.ars.sante.fr/system/files/2024-07/2024_08_07_Deng…
  36. Santé publique France. Chikungunya, dengue and Zika: enhanced surveillance data in mainland France, 2024 [in French: Chikungunya, dengue et zika - Données de la surveillance renforcée en France hexagonale 2024]. Saint-Maurice: SpF; 2024. Available at: https://www.santepubliquefrance.fr/maladies-et-traumatismes/maladies-a-transmission-vectorielle/chikungunya/articles/donnees-en-france-metropolitaine/chikungunya-dengue-et-zika-donnees-de-la-surveillance-renforcee-en-france-hexagonale-2024#block-626324
  37. Agence régionale de santé Occitanie. Tiger mosquito and tropical diseases: heightened vigilance in Occitanie [in French: Moustique tigre et maladies tropicales. Vigilance renforcée en Occitanie]. 2024. Available at: https://www.occitanie.ars.sante.fr/moustique-tigre-vigilance-renforcee-en-occitanie
  38. Istituto Superiore di Sanità. Arboviroses dashboard [in Italian: Arbovirosi - dashboard]. 2024. Available at: https://www.epicentro.iss.it/arbovirosi/dashboard
  39. Azienda USL IRCCS di Reggio Emilia. A diagnosed case of autochthonous dengue: the person is in good condition [in Italian: Diagnosticato un caso di dengue autoctona, la persona è in buone condizioni]. 22 August 2024. Available at: https://www.ausl.re.it/diagnosticato-un-caso-di-dengue-autoctona-la-persona-a-in-buone-condizioni
  40. Servizio Sanitario Regionale Emilia-Romagna. Dengue case: the person is in good health [in Italian: Caso di dengue, la persona è in buone condizioni di salute]. 17 September 2024. Available at: https://www.ausl.mo.it/caso-di-dengue-la-persona-e-in-buone-condizioni-di-salute/
  41. Comune di Rapolano Terme. Contingency and urgent ordinance regarding a health emergency due to dengue virus [in Italian: Ordinanza contingibile ed urgente in merito ad emergenza sanitaria dovuta al virus dengue]. 13 September 2024. Available at: https://www.comune.rapolanoterme.si.it/notizie/ORDINANZA-CONTENGIBILE-ED-URGENTE-IN-MERITO-AD-EMERGENZA-SANITARIA-DOVUTA-AL-VIRUS-DENGUE-TRASMESSO-DALLA-ZANZARA-TIGRE--.html
  42. Regione del Veneto. Vector-borne diseases: new bulletin issued by the Veneto Prevention Directorate; first autochthonous case of dengue in the region [in Italian: Malattie trasmesse da vettori. Emesso nuovo bollettino della Direzione Prevenzione del Veneto. Primo caso autoctono di dengue in regione]. 19 September 2024. Available at: https://www.regione.veneto.it/article-detail?articleId=14060745
  43. Regione Marche. Update on dengue cases in Marche: the effectiveness of the measures adopted confirmed by the Ministry [in Italian: Aggiornamento sui casi di dengue nelle Marche: confermata dal Ministero l'efficacia delle misure adottate]. 18 September 2024. Available at: https://www.regione.marche.it/News-ed-Eventi/Post/105345/Aggiornamento-sui-casi-di-Dengue-nelle-Marche-confermata-dal-Ministero-l-efficacia-delle-misure-adottate
  44. Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya (ASPCAT). Epidemiological situation of arbovirus cases in Catalonia. [in Catalan: Situació epidemiològica dels casos d’arbovirosi a Catalunya]. 27 September 2024. Available at: https://salutpublica.gencat.cat/web/.content/minisite/aspcat/vigilancia_salut_publica/MDO/arbovirosis/situacio-arbovirosi-a-Catalunya.pdf
  45. Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya (ASPCAT). Update of 16 September 2024 on the autochthonous dengue outbreak in Catalonia [in Catalan: Actualització 16.09.2024 del brot de dengue autòcton a Catalunya]. 2024. Available at: https://salutpublica.gencat.cat/ca/detalls/Article/dengue-actualitzacio
  46. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Seasonal surveillance of dengue in the EU/EEA: weekly report. Stockholm: ECDC; 2025. Available at: https://dengue-weekly.ecdc.europa.eu/archive/dengue-2025.html
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