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Seasonal influenza
ECDC publications and peer-reviewed articles

Seasonal influenza

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ECDC publications and peer-reviewed articles

ECDC publications and peer-reviewed articles on influenza

Peer-reviewed articles on influenza
ECDC publications on seasonal influenza

Scientific and technical publications

Influenza vaccine effectiveness against influenza A subtypes in Europe: Results from the 2021–2022 I-MOVE primary care multicentre study

1 Nov 2022

Scientific and technical publications

Assessing the Implementation of Digital Innovations in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic to Address Key Public Health Functions: Scoping Review of Academic and Nonacademic Literature

1 Jul 2022

Scientific and technical publications

Behavioural insights and the evolving COVID-19 pandemic

5 May 2022

Scientific and technical publications

Seasonality of respiratory syncytial virus and its association with meteorological factors in 13 European countries, week 40 2010 to week 39 2019

21 Apr 2022

Scientific and technical publications

Influenza returns with a season dominated by clade 3C.2a1b.2a.2 A(H3N2) viruses, WHO European Region, 2021/22

14 Apr 2022

Scientific and technical publications

Systematic review of the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of MF59® adjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccines for the prevention of laboratory-confirmed influenza in individuals ≥18 years of age

10 Feb 2022

Scientific and technical publications

Systematic review of the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of recombinant haemagglutinin seasonal influenza vaccines for the prevention of laboratory-confirmed influenza in individuals ≥18 years of age

1 Feb 2022

Scientific and technical publications

Systematic review of the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of high-dose seasonal influenza vaccines for the prevention of laboratory-confirmed influenza in individuals ≥18 years of age

1 Feb 2022

Scientific and technical publications

Systematic review of the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of high-dose seasonal influenza vaccines for the prevention of laboratory-confirmed influenza in individuals ≥18 years of age

1 Feb 2022

Scientific and technical publications

Avian influenza, a new threat to public health in Europe?

1 Feb 2022

Scientific and technical publications

Systematic review of the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of cell-based seasonal influenza vaccines for the prevention of laboratory-confirmed influenza in individuals ≥18 years of age

1 Feb 2022

Scientific and technical publications

Real-time monitoring shows substantial excess all-cause mortality during second wave of COVID-19 in Europe, October to December 2020

1 Jan 2021

Scientific and technical publications

What to expect for the influenza season 2020/21 with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in the World Health Organization European Region

1 Jan 2020

Scientific and technical publications

Variable sensitivity in molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 in European Expert Laboratories: External Quality Assessment, June - July 2020

1 Jan 2020

Scientific and technical publications

Virological surveillance of influenza viruses in the WHO European Region in 2019/20 - Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic

1 Jan 2020

Scientific and technical publications

To what extent does evidence support decision making during infectious disease outbreaks? A scoping literature review

1 Jan 2020

Scientific and technical publications

Shaping meeting to explore the value of a coordinated work plan for epidemic and pandemic influenza vaccine preparedness

1 Jan 2020

Scientific and technical publications

Potential scenarios for the progression of a COVID-19 epidemic in the European Union and the European Economic Area, March 2020

1 Jan 2020

Scientific and technical publications

Predominance of influenza virus A(H3N2) 3C.2a1b and A(H1N1)pdm09 6B.1A5A genetic subclades in the WHO European Region, 2018–2019

1 Jan 2020

Scientific and technical publications

Infectious disease surveillance system descriptors: proposal for a comprehensive set

1 Jan 2020

Scientific and technical publications

Geographical and temporal distribution of SARS-CoV-2 clades in the WHO European Region, January to June 2020

1 Jan 2020

Scientific and technical publications

Excess all-cause mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe – preliminary pooled estimates from the EuroMOMO network, March to April 2020

1 Jan 2020

Scientific and technical publications

Epidemic and pandemic viral infections: Impact on tuberculosis and the lung

1 Jan 2020

Scientific and technical publications

Alternating patterns of seasonal influenza activity in the WHO European Region following the 2009 pandemic, 2010-2018

1 Jan 2020

Scientific and technical publications

Automated digital reporting of clinical laboratory information to national public health surveillance systems, results of a EU/EEA survey, 2018

1 Jan 2020

Scientific and technical publications

Effectiveness of influenza vaccine against influenza A in Europe in seasons of different A(H1N1)pdm09 and the same A(H3N2) vaccine components (2016–17 and 2017–18)

1 Dec 2019

Scientific and technical publications

Application of a new methodology and R package reveals a high burden of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) in Germany compared to the average in the European Union/European Economic Area, 2011 to 2012

1 Nov 2019

Scientific and technical publications

Low 2018/19 vaccine effectiveness against influenza A(H3N2) among 15-64-year-olds in Europe: exploration by birth cohort

1 Nov 2019

Scientific and technical publications

Why we need more collaboration in Europe to enhance post-marketing surveillance of vaccines

1 Oct 2019

Scientific and technical publications

Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and the European Economic Area in 2015: a population-level modelling analysis

1 Jan 2019

Scientific and technical publications

Are we missing respiratory viral infections in infants and children? Comparison of a hospital-based quality management system with standard of care

1 Jan 2019

Scientific and technical publications

Using big data to monitor the introduction and spread of Chikungunya, Europe, 2017

1 Jan 2019

Scientific and technical publications

Co-circulation of influenza a(H1N1)pdm09 and influenza a(H3N2) viruses, world health organization (WHO) European region, October 2018 to February 2019

1 Jan 2019

Scientific and technical publications

Systemic resilience to cross-border infectious disease threat events in Europe

1 Jan 2019

Scientific and technical publications

Estimation of the number of exposed people during highly pathogenic avian influenza virus outbreaks in EU/EEA countries, October 2016–September 2018

1 Jan 2019

30% of the burden of communicable diseases in Europe is due to influenza

Scientific and technical publications

Preparedness and response against diseases with epidemic potential in the European Union: A qualitative case study of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and poliomyelitis in five member states

1 Jul 2018

Scientific and technical publications

2015/16 I-MOVE/I-MOVE+ multicentre case control study in Europe: moderate vaccine effectiveness estimates against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and low estimates against lineage mismatched influenza B among children.

1 Jan 2018

Scientific and technical publications

Dominant influenza A(H3N2) and B/yamagata virus circulation in EU/EEA, 2016/17 and 2017/18 seasons, respectively

1 Jan 2018

Scientific and technical publications

Exploring the effect of previous inactivated influenza vaccination on seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness against medically attended influenza: Results of the European I-MOVE multicentre test-negative case-control study, 2011/2012-2016/2017

1 Jan 2018

Scientific and technical publications

Enablers and Barriers to Community Engagement in Public Health Emergency Preparedness: A Literature Review

1 Jan 2018

Scientific and technical publications

Interim 2017/18 influenza seasonal vaccine effectiveness: Combined results from five European studies

1 Jan 2018

Scientific and technical publications

Management and control of communicable diseases in schools and other child care settings: Systematic review on the incubation period and period of infectiousness

1 Jan 2018

Scientific and technical publications

How close are countries of the WHO European Region to achieving the goal of vaccinating 75% of key risk groups against influenza? Results from national surveys on seasonal influenza vaccination programmes, 2008/2009 to 2014/2015

1 Jan 2018

Scientific and technical publications

Networking of Public Health Microbiology Laboratories Bolsters Europe's Defenses against Infectious Diseases

1 Jan 2018

Scientific and technical publications

Healthcare-associated pneumonia in acute care hospitals in European union/European economic area countries: An analysis of data from a point prevalence survey, 2011 to 2012

1 Jan 2018

Scientific and technical publications

Seasonality and geographical spread of respiratory syncytial virus epidemics in 15 European countries, 2010 to 2016

1 Jan 2018

Scientific and technical publications

Prevalence of healthcare-associated infections, estimated incidence and composite antimicrobial resistance index in acute care hospitals and long-term care facilities: results from two European point prevalence surveys, 2016 to 2017

1 Jan 2018

Scientific and technical publications

Protective measures for humans against avian influenza a(H5N8) outbreaks in 22 European Union/European economic area countries and Israel, 2016–17

1 Jan 2018

Scientific and technical publications

Are we missing respiratory viral infections in infants and children? Comparison of a hospital-based quality management system with standard of care

1 Jan 2018

Scientific and technical publications

Excess all-cause and influenza-attributable mortality in Europe, December 2016 to February 2017

1 Apr 2017

Scientific and technical publications

Early 2016/17 vaccine effectiveness estimates against influenza A(H3N2): I-move multicentre case control studies at primary care and hospital levels in Europe

1 Jan 2017

Scientific and technical publications

Lebanon’s experience in surveillance of communicable diseases during a mass gathering: Sixth Francophone Games, 2009

1 Jan 2017

Scientific and technical publications

Surveillance and laboratory detection for non-polio enteroviruses in the European Union/European Economic Area, 2016

1 Jan 2017

Scientific and technical publications

Highly pathogenic avian influenza a(H5N8) outbreaks: Protection and management of exposed people in Europe, 2014/15 and 2016

1 Dec 2016

Scientific and technical publications

Improving Influenza virological surveillance in Europe: Strain-based reporting of antigenic and genetic characterisation data, 11 European countries, influenza season 2013/14

1 Oct 2016

Scientific and technical publications

Influenza transmission on aircraft: a systematic literature review

1 Aug 2016

Scientific and technical publications

ECDC expert opinion on efficacy and effectiveness of neuraminidase inhibitors published for public consultation

1 Feb 2016

Scientific and technical publications

Where are we in our understanding of the association between narcolepsy and one of the 2009 adjuvanted influenza A (H1N1) vaccines?

1 Jan 2016

Scientific and technical publications

Predominance of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus genetic subclade 6B.1 and influenza B/Victoria lineage viruses at the start of the 2015/16 influenza season in Europe

1 Jan 2016

Scientific and technical publications

Decreased effectiveness of the influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 strain in live attenuated influenza vaccines: An observational bias or a technical challenge?

1 Jan 2016

Scientific and technical publications

Influenza case definitions - optimising sensitivity and specificity

1 Jun 2015

Scientific and technical publications

Influenza surveillance in Europe. Comparing intensity levels calculated using the Moving Epidemic Method.

1 May 2015

Scientific and technical publications

Assessment of human influenza pandemic scenarios in Europe

1 Feb 2015

Scientific and technical publications

Biosecurity and dual-use research: gaining function - but at what cost?

1 Feb 2015

Scientific and technical publications

Age-specific differences in influenza virus type and subtype distribution in the 2012/2013 season in 12 European countries

1 Feb 2015

Scientific and technical publications

Start of the 2014/15 influenza season in Europe: drifted influenza A(H3N2) viruses circulate as dominant subtype.

1 Jan 2015

Scientific and technical publications

The disease burden of hepatitis B, influenza, measles and salmonellosis in Germany: first results of the Burden of Communicable Diseases in Europe Study.

1 Oct 2014

Scientific and technical publications

Influenza season 2012-2013 in Europe: moderate intensity, mixed (sub)types

1 Sep 2014

Scientific and technical publications

Costs and benefits of influenza vaccination: More evidence, same challenges

1 Aug 2014

Scientific and technical publications

Seasonal influenza immunisation in Europe. Overview of recommendations and vaccination coverage for three seasons: Pre-pandemic (2008/09), pandemic (2009/10) and post-pandemic (2010/11)

1 Apr 2014

Scientific and technical publications

Monitoring and assessing vaccine safety: A European perspective

1 Apr 2014

Scientific and technical publications

European monitoring systems and data for assessing environmental and climate impacts on human infectious diseases

1 Apr 2014

Scientific and technical publications

School closures during the 2009 influenza pandemic: National and local experiences

1 Apr 2014

Scientific and technical publications

Laboratory preparedness in eu/eea countries for detection of novel avian influenza a(H7N9) virus, May 2013

1 Jan 2014

Scientific and technical publications

Influenza season 2013/14 has started in Europe with influenza A(H1)pdm09 virus being the most prevalent subtype

1 Jan 2014

Scientific and technical publications

The roles of influenza virus antigens and the AS03 adjuvant in the 2009 pandemic vaccine associated with narcolepsy needs further investigation

1 Jan 2014

Scientific and technical publications

Guillain-Barré syndrome and adjuvanted pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 vaccines: A multinational self-controlled case series in Europe

1 Jan 2014

Scientific and technical publications

The consortium for the standardization of influenza seroepidemiology (CONSISE): A global partnership to standardize influenza seroepidemiology and develop influenza investigation protocols to inform public health policy

1 Dec 2013

Scientific and technical publications

Modelling the risk-benefit impact of H1N1 influenza vaccines

1 Aug 2013

Scientific and technical publications

Outbreak with a novel avian influenza A(H7N9) virus in China - scenarios and triggers for assessing risks and planning responses in the European Union, May 2013.

1 May 2013

Scientific and technical publications

Guidance for clinical and public health laboratories testing for influenza virus antiviral drug susceptibility in Europe

1 May 2013

Scientific and technical publications

Influenza serological studies to inform public health action: Best practices to optimise timing, quality and reporting

1 Apr 2013

Scientific and technical publications

A novel reassortant avian influenza A(H7N9) virus in China - what are the implications for Europe

1 Apr 2013

Scientific and technical publications

Evaluation of influenza virus antiviral susceptibility testing in Europe: Results from the first external quality assessment exercise

1 Mar 2013

Scientific and technical publications

Complexities in assessing the effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccines

1 Feb 2013

Scientific and technical publications

Low effectiveness undermines promotion of seasonal influenza vaccine.

1 Jan 2013

Scientific and technical publications

Low and decreasing vaccine effectiveness against influenza A(H3) in 2011/12 among vaccination target groups in Europe: Results from the I-MOVE multicentre case-control study

1 Jan 2013

Scientific and technical publications

I-MOVE: a European network to measure the effectiveness of influenza vaccines

1 Sep 2012

Scientific and technical publications

Influenza surveillance in Europe: Establishing epidemic thresholds by the Moving Epidemic Method

1 Aug 2012

Scientific and technical publications

Surveillance of hospitalised severe cases of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and related fatalities in nine EU countries in 2010-2011.

1 Jul 2012

Scientific and technical publications

Validity of international health regulations in reporting emerging infectious diseases

1 Jul 2012

Scientific and technical publications

Comment on seroevidence for H5N1 influenza infections in humans: Meta-analysis""

1 Jun 2012

Scientific and technical publications

Influenza-related deaths - available methods for estimating numbers and detecting patterns for seasonal and pandemic influenza in Europe

1 May 2012

Scientific and technical publications

Early estimates of seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness in Europe among target groups for vaccination: results from the I-MOVE multicentre case-control study, 2011/12

1 Apr 2012

Scientific and technical publications

Monitoring EU Emerging Infectious Disease Risk Due to Climate Change

1 Apr 2012

Scientific and technical publications

Overrepresentation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus among severe influenza cases in the 2011/12 season in four European countries

1 Mar 2012

Scientific and technical publications

Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccination policies and coverage in Europe

1 Jan 2012

Scientific and technical publications

The importance of influenza prevention for public health

1 Jan 2012

Scientific and technical publications

The use of masks and respirators to prevent transmission of influenza: A systematic review of the scientific evidence

1 Jan 2012

Scientific and technical publications

Preliminary implications for Europe of the 2011 influenza season in five temperate southern hemisphere countries

1 Dec 2011

Scientific and technical publications

I-move multi-centre case control study 2010-11: Overall and stratified estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness in Europe

1 Nov 2011

Scientific and technical publications

Factors associated with uptake of vaccination against pandemic influenza: A systematic review

1 Sep 2011

Scientific and technical publications

Seroprevalence to influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus - Where are we?

1 Aug 2011

Scientific and technical publications

Guillain-Barré syndrome and adjuvanted pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 vaccine: Multinational case-control study in Europe

1 Jul 2011

Scientific and technical publications

Surveillance trends of the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic in Europe

1 Jun 2011

Scientific and technical publications

Different transmission patterns in the early stages of the influenza A(H1N1)v pandemic: A comparative analysis of 12 European countries

1 Jun 2011

Scientific and technical publications

Learning lessons from the 2009 pandemic: Putting infections in their proper place

1 Apr 2011

Scientific and technical publications

European risk assessment guidance for infectious diseases transmitted on aircraft - the RAGIDA project

1 Apr 2011

Scientific and technical publications

Early estimates of seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness in Europe, 2010/11: I-MOVE, a multicentre case-control study

1 Mar 2011

Scientific and technical publications

Lessons learnt from pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 influenza vaccination. Highlights of a European workshop in Brussels (22 March 2010)

1 Jan 2011

Scientific and technical publications

Influenza surveillance in Europe

1 Jan 2011

Scientific and technical publications

Estimates of pandemic influenza vaccine effectiveness in Europe, 2009-2010: Results of influenza monitoring vaccine effectiveness in Europe (I-MOVE) multicentre case-control study

1 Jan 2011

Scientific and technical publications

Planning for uncertainty: A European approach to informing responses to the severity of influenza epidemics and pandemics

1 Jan 2011

Scientific and technical publications

Travel-related imported infections in Europe, EuroTravNet 2009

1 Jan 2011

Scientific and technical publications

Initial surveillance of 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic in the European Union and European Economic Area, April-September 2009.

1 Dec 2010

Scientific and technical publications

Pandemic risk prevention in European countries: role of the ECDC in preparing for pandemics. Development and experience with a national self-assessment procedure, 2005-2008.

1 Dec 2010

Scientific and technical publications

Differences in national influenza vaccination policies across the European Union, Norway And Iceland 2008-2009

1 Nov 2010

Scientific and technical publications

Responding to new severe diseases - the case for routine hospital surveillance and clinical networks in Europe

1 Oct 2010

Scientific and technical publications

Study designs for timely estimation of influenza vaccine effectiveness using European sentinel practitioner networks

1 Oct 2010

Scientific and technical publications

Reflections on pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and the international response

1 Oct 2010

Scientific and technical publications

Lessons learned from the 2009 Influenza A(H1N1) pandemic at EU level: Editorial

1 Sep 2010

Scientific and technical publications

Moderate pandemic, not many dead - Learning the right lessons in Europe from the 2009 pandemic

1 Sep 2010

Scientific and technical publications

Evaluation of targeted influenza vaccination strategies via population modeling

1 Sep 2010

Scientific and technical publications

Studies needed to address public health challenges of the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic: Insights from modeling

1 Jun 2010

Scientific and technical publications

Experiences of giving oseltamivir to school children during the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic

1 May 2010

Scientific and technical publications

The practice of travel medicine in Europe

1 Mar 2010

Scientific and technical publications

Risk groups and other target groups - Preliminary ECDC guidance for developing influenza vaccination recommendations for the season 2010-11

1 Mar 2010

Scientific and technical publications

The truth about Tamiflu? Neuraminidase inhibitors in pandemic A/H1N1 flu

1 Jan 2010

Scientific and technical publications

The end of the pandemic-what will be the pattern of influenza in the 2010-11 European winter and beyond?

1 Jan 2010

Scientific and technical publications

Experience and lessons from surveillance and studies of the 2009 pandemic in Europe

1 Jan 2010

Scientific and technical publications

A new decade a new seasonal influenza: The Council of the European Union Recommendation on seasonal influenza vaccination

1 Jan 2010

Scientific and technical publications

Oseltamivir-resistant influenza A(H1N1) viruses detected in Europe during season 2007-8 had epidemiologic and clinical characteristics similar to co-circulating susceptible A(H1N1) viruses.

1 Nov 2009

Scientific and technical publications

Assessing the impact of the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic on reporting of other threats through the Early Warning and Response System.

1 Nov 2009

Scientific and technical publications

I-move Towards Monitoring Seasonal And Pandemic Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness: Lessons Learnt From A Pilot Multi-centric Case-control Study In Europe, 2008-9

1 Nov 2009

Scientific and technical publications

Seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines for the elderly and other risk groups: A review of available data

1 Oct 2009

Scientific and technical publications

Pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 vaccines in the European Union.

1 Oct 2009

Scientific and technical publications

Influenza A/H1N1 pandemic: central European experience and perspective of prevention and control of this disease [French]

1 Sep 2009

Scientific and technical publications

Event-based surveillance for emerging infectious diseases in the EU/EFTA

1 Sep 2009

Scientific and technical publications

Public Health Preparedness For Two Mass Gathering Events In The Context Of Pandemic Influenza (h1n1) 2009-serbia, July 2009

1 Aug 2009

Scientific and technical publications

Closure of schools during an influenza pandemic

1 Aug 2009

Scientific and technical publications

Europe's initial experience with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - mitigation and delaying policies and practices.

1 Jul 2009

Scientific and technical publications

How the media reported the first days of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009: results of EU-wide media analysis.

1 Jul 2009

Scientific and technical publications

Influenza A(h1n1)v In The Southern Hemisphere - Lessons To Learn For Europe?

1 Jun 2009

Scientific and technical publications

Preliminary Analysis Of Influenza A(h1n1)v Individual And Aggregated Case Reports From Eu And Efta Countries

1 Jun 2009

Scientific and technical publications

Initial Epidemiological Findings In The European Union Following The Declaration Of Pandemic Alert Level 5 Due To Influenza A (h1n1)

1 May 2009

Scientific and technical publications

To Baptise A Virus And Its Disease

1 May 2009

Scientific and technical publications

Differences in European influenza pandemic preparedness plans, how important are they and what are the underlying reasons? [German]

1 Feb 2009

Scientific and technical publications

Use of oseltamivir in 12 European countries between 2002 and 2007 - lack of association with the appearance of oseltamivir-resistant influenza A(H1N1) viruses.

1 Feb 2009

Scientific and technical publications

A Human Case Of Swine Influenza Virus Infection In Europe - Implications For Human Health And Research

1 Feb 2009

Scientific and technical publications

Start Of The Influenza Season 2008-9 In Europe - Increasing Influenza Activity Moving From West To East Dominated By A(h3n2)

1 Jan 2009

Scientific and technical publications

The scientific basis for offering seasonal influenza immunisation to risk groups in Europe.

1 Oct 2008

Scientific and technical publications

First steps in the design of a system to monitor vaccine effectiveness during seasonal and pandemic influenza in EU/EEA Member States

1 Oct 2008

Scientific and technical publications

A network strategy to advance public health in Europe

1 Jun 2008

Scientific and technical publications

Intervening to reduce inequalities in infections in Europe

1 May 2008

Scientific and technical publications

(Yet) another human A/H5N1 influenza case and cluster - when should Europe be concerned?

1 Apr 2008

Scientific and technical publications

Preparing the European Union for the next pandemic - half way there.

1 Dec 2007

Scientific and technical publications

Zoonotic infections in Europe: trends and figures - a summary of the EFSA-ECDC annual report.

1 Dec 2007

Scientific and technical publications

H5N1 in wild and domestic birds in Europe - remaining vigilant in response to an ongoing public health threat.

1 Dec 2007

Scientific and technical publications

Public Health Measures in an Influenza Pandemic - the importance of surveillance.

1 Nov 2007

Scientific and technical publications

Human influenza A/H5N1 (pre-pandemic") vaccines: informing policy development in Europe."

1 Sep 2007

Scientific and technical publications

Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenzas and human health.

1 May 2007

Scientific and technical publications

Highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1-update and overview of 2006.

1 Dec 2006

Scientific and technical publications

Personal (non-pharmaceutical) protective measures for reducing transmission of influenza - ECDC interim recommendations.

1 Oct 2006

Scientific and technical publications

Avian influenza H5N1 update: resurgence in Thailand.

1 Aug 2006

Scientific and technical publications

Human cases of avian influenza in eastern Turkey: the weather factor.

1 Jun 2006

Scientific and technical publications

Human H5N1 infections: so many cases - why so little knowledge?

1 May 2006

Scientific and technical publications

H5N1 infections in cats - public health implications

1 Apr 2006

Scientific and technical publications

Occurrence of invasive pneumococcal disease and number of excess cases due to influenza

1 Mar 2006

Scientific and technical publications

No new human infections with A/H5N1 in Turkey but national measures and international support continue.

1 Feb 2006

Scientific and technical publications

Nonpharmaceutical interventions for pandemic influenza, international measures

1 Jan 2006

Scientific and technical publications

Avian and pandemic influenza - five questions for 2006.

1 Dec 2005

Scientific and technical publications

Avian influenza detected in Turkey and Romania.

1 Oct 2005

Scientific and technical publications

H5N1 influenza and the implications for Europe

1 Aug 2005

Scientific and technical publications

Core protocol for ECDC studies of vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic laboratory-confirmed influenza or SARS-CoV-2 infection at primary care level

Guidance - 3 Oct 2023

Scientific and technical publications

Seasonal influenza - Annual Epidemiological Report for 2022/2023

Surveillance report - 7 Jul 2023

Scientific and technical publications

Communicable disease threats report, 21-27 May 2023, week 21

Monitoring - 26 May 2023

Scientific and technical publications

Communicable disease threats report, 16-22 April 2023, week 16

Monitoring - 21 Apr 2023

Scientific and technical publications

Influenza virus characterization - Summary Europe, February 2023

Surveillance report - 24 Mar 2023

Scientific and technical publications

Communicable disease threats report, 5–11 March 2023, week 10

Monitoring - 10 Mar 2023

Scientific and technical publications

Communicable disease threats report, 19-25 February 2023, week 8

Monitoring - 24 Feb 2023

Scientific and technical publications

Considerations for infection prevention and control practices in relation to respiratory viral infections in healthcare settings

Guidance - 6 Feb 2023

Scientific and technical publications

Communicable disease threats report, 30 January - 5 February 2023, week 5

Monitoring - 3 Feb 2023

Scientific and technical publications

Influenza virus characterization - Summary Europe, December 2022

Surveillance report - 23 Jan 2023

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ECDC publications and peer-reviewed articles on influenza

Influenza vaccine effectiveness against influenza A subtypes in Europe: Results from the 2021–2022 I-MOVE primary care multicentre study

Assessing the Implementation of Digital Innovations in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic to Address Key Public Health Functions: Scoping Review of Academic and Nonacademic Literature

Behavioural insights and the evolving COVID-19 pandemic

Seasonality of respiratory syncytial virus and its association with meteorological factors in 13 European countries, week 40 2010 to week 39 2019

Influenza returns with a season dominated by clade 3C.2a1b.2a.2 A(H3N2) viruses, WHO European Region, 2021/22

Systematic review of the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of MF59® adjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccines for the prevention of laboratory-confirmed influenza in individuals ≥18 years of age

Systematic review of the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of recombinant haemagglutinin seasonal influenza vaccines for the prevention of laboratory-confirmed influenza in individuals ≥18 years of age

Systematic review of the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of high-dose seasonal influenza vaccines for the prevention of laboratory-confirmed influenza in individuals ≥18 years of age

Systematic review of the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of high-dose seasonal influenza vaccines for the prevention of laboratory-confirmed influenza in individuals ≥18 years of age

Avian influenza, a new threat to public health in Europe?

Systematic review of the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of cell-based seasonal influenza vaccines for the prevention of laboratory-confirmed influenza in individuals ≥18 years of age

Real-time monitoring shows substantial excess all-cause mortality during second wave of COVID-19 in Europe, October to December 2020

What to expect for the influenza season 2020/21 with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in the World Health Organization European Region

Variable sensitivity in molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 in European Expert Laboratories: External Quality Assessment, June - July 2020

Virological surveillance of influenza viruses in the WHO European Region in 2019/20 - Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic

To what extent does evidence support decision making during infectious disease outbreaks? A scoping literature review

Shaping meeting to explore the value of a coordinated work plan for epidemic and pandemic influenza vaccine preparedness

Potential scenarios for the progression of a COVID-19 epidemic in the European Union and the European Economic Area, March 2020

Predominance of influenza virus A(H3N2) 3C.2a1b and A(H1N1)pdm09 6B.1A5A genetic subclades in the WHO European Region, 2018–2019

Infectious disease surveillance system descriptors: proposal for a comprehensive set

Geographical and temporal distribution of SARS-CoV-2 clades in the WHO European Region, January to June 2020

Excess all-cause mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe – preliminary pooled estimates from the EuroMOMO network, March to April 2020

Epidemic and pandemic viral infections: Impact on tuberculosis and the lung

Alternating patterns of seasonal influenza activity in the WHO European Region following the 2009 pandemic, 2010-2018

Automated digital reporting of clinical laboratory information to national public health surveillance systems, results of a EU/EEA survey, 2018

Effectiveness of influenza vaccine against influenza A in Europe in seasons of different A(H1N1)pdm09 and the same A(H3N2) vaccine components (2016–17 and 2017–18)

Application of a new methodology and R package reveals a high burden of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) in Germany compared to the average in the European Union/European Economic Area, 2011 to 2012

Low 2018/19 vaccine effectiveness against influenza A(H3N2) among 15-64-year-olds in Europe: exploration by birth cohort

Why we need more collaboration in Europe to enhance post-marketing surveillance of vaccines

Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and the European Economic Area in 2015: a population-level modelling analysis

Are we missing respiratory viral infections in infants and children? Comparison of a hospital-based quality management system with standard of care

Using big data to monitor the introduction and spread of Chikungunya, Europe, 2017

Co-circulation of influenza a(H1N1)pdm09 and influenza a(H3N2) viruses, world health organization (WHO) European region, October 2018 to February 2019

Systemic resilience to cross-border infectious disease threat events in Europe

Estimation of the number of exposed people during highly pathogenic avian influenza virus outbreaks in EU/EEA countries, October 2016–September 2018

30% of the burden of communicable diseases in Europe is due to influenza

Preparedness and response against diseases with epidemic potential in the European Union: A qualitative case study of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and poliomyelitis in five member states

2015/16 I-MOVE/I-MOVE+ multicentre case control study in Europe: moderate vaccine effectiveness estimates against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and low estimates against lineage mismatched influenza B among children.

Dominant influenza A(H3N2) and B/yamagata virus circulation in EU/EEA, 2016/17 and 2017/18 seasons, respectively

Exploring the effect of previous inactivated influenza vaccination on seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness against medically attended influenza: Results of the European I-MOVE multicentre test-negative case-control study, 2011/2012-2016/2017

Enablers and Barriers to Community Engagement in Public Health Emergency Preparedness: A Literature Review

Interim 2017/18 influenza seasonal vaccine effectiveness: Combined results from five European studies

Management and control of communicable diseases in schools and other child care settings: Systematic review on the incubation period and period of infectiousness

How close are countries of the WHO European Region to achieving the goal of vaccinating 75% of key risk groups against influenza? Results from national surveys on seasonal influenza vaccination programmes, 2008/2009 to 2014/2015

Networking of Public Health Microbiology Laboratories Bolsters Europe's Defenses against Infectious Diseases

Healthcare-associated pneumonia in acute care hospitals in European union/European economic area countries: An analysis of data from a point prevalence survey, 2011 to 2012

Seasonality and geographical spread of respiratory syncytial virus epidemics in 15 European countries, 2010 to 2016

Prevalence of healthcare-associated infections, estimated incidence and composite antimicrobial resistance index in acute care hospitals and long-term care facilities: results from two European point prevalence surveys, 2016 to 2017

Protective measures for humans against avian influenza a(H5N8) outbreaks in 22 European Union/European economic area countries and Israel, 2016–17

Are we missing respiratory viral infections in infants and children? Comparison of a hospital-based quality management system with standard of care

Excess all-cause and influenza-attributable mortality in Europe, December 2016 to February 2017

Early 2016/17 vaccine effectiveness estimates against influenza A(H3N2): I-move multicentre case control studies at primary care and hospital levels in Europe

Lebanon’s experience in surveillance of communicable diseases during a mass gathering: Sixth Francophone Games, 2009

Surveillance and laboratory detection for non-polio enteroviruses in the European Union/European Economic Area, 2016

Highly pathogenic avian influenza a(H5N8) outbreaks: Protection and management of exposed people in Europe, 2014/15 and 2016

Improving Influenza virological surveillance in Europe: Strain-based reporting of antigenic and genetic characterisation data, 11 European countries, influenza season 2013/14

Influenza transmission on aircraft: a systematic literature review

ECDC expert opinion on efficacy and effectiveness of neuraminidase inhibitors published for public consultation

Where are we in our understanding of the association between narcolepsy and one of the 2009 adjuvanted influenza A (H1N1) vaccines?

Predominance of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus genetic subclade 6B.1 and influenza B/Victoria lineage viruses at the start of the 2015/16 influenza season in Europe

Decreased effectiveness of the influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 strain in live attenuated influenza vaccines: An observational bias or a technical challenge?

Influenza case definitions - optimising sensitivity and specificity

Influenza surveillance in Europe. Comparing intensity levels calculated using the Moving Epidemic Method.