Strategies and action plans on antimicrobial resistance

GLOBAL

World Health Organization (WHO) and WHO Member States

• Global action plan on antimicrobial resistance (2015) 

• Manual for developing national action plans, library of national action plans, and support tools including templates (WHO, 2016)

• Tackling antimicrobial resistance (AMR) together. Working Paper 1.0: Multisectoral coordination (WHO, 2018)

• Turning plans into action for antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Working Paper 2.0: Implementation and coordination (WHO, 2019)

• WHO costing and budgeting tool for national action plans on antimicrobial resistance  (WHO, 2021)

• WHO implementation handbook for national action plans on antimicrobial resistance: guidance for the human health sector (WHO, 2022) 
  Manuel de l’OMS pour la mise en œuvre des plans d’action nationaux de lutte contre la résistance aux antimicrobiens: recommandations pour le secteur de la santé humaine (OMS, 2022)
  Manual de la OMS para la aplicación de los planes de acción nacionales sobre la resistencia a los antimicrobianos: guía para el sector de la salud humana (OMS, 2022) 

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and World Health Organization (WHO)

• Monitoring and Evaluation of the Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance. Framework and recommended indicators (2019)
   

EUROPE

WHO/Europe and WHO/Europe Member States

• European strategic action plan on antibiotic resistance (2011)

• Sub-Regional Workshop on Antimicrobial Resistance National Action Plan Development and Implementation. Report: virtual meeting: 16–17 June 2021 (WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2022)

Council of the European Union (EU)

Council recommendations

• Council Recommendation of 15 November 2001 on the prudent use of antimicrobial agents in human medicine (2002/77/EC)

• Prudent use of antimicrobial agents in human medicine: third report on implementation of the Council recommendation. Analysis of countries’ reports on the implementation of the Council recommendation of 15 November 2001 (2002/77/EC) on the prudent use of antimicrobial agents in human medicine (European Commission, 2016)

• Council Recommendation of 9 June 2009 on patient safety, including the prevention and control of healthcare associated infections (2009/ C151/01)

• Report from the Commission to the Council. The Commission’s Second Report to the Council on the implementation of Council Recommendation 2009/C 151/01 on patient safety, including the prevention and control of healthcare associated infections (European Commission, 2014 - COM(2014) 371)

Council conclusions

• Council conclusions on the next steps towards making the EU a best practice region in combatting antimicrobial resistance (2019/C 214/01)

• Council conclusions on the next steps under a One Health approach to combat antimicrobial resistance (2016/C 269/05)

• Council conclusions on patient safety and quality of care, including the prevention and control of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial resistance (2014/C 438/05)

• Council conclusions of 22 June 2012 on the impact of antimicrobial resistance in the human health sector and in the veterinary sector — a ‘One Health’ perspective (2012/C 211/02)

• Council conclusions of 1 December 2009 on innovative incentives for effective antibiotics (2009/C 302/05)

• Council Conclusions on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) (10 June 2008)

• Council Resolution of 8 June 1999 on antibiotic resistance 'A strategy against the microbial threat' (1999/C 195/01)

European Commission

• European One Health Action Plan against Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) (European Commission, 2017)

• Progress report on the implementation of the European One Health Action Plan against Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR). Latest update: Q2 2021 (European Commission, 2021)

EU/EEA COUNTRIES

Austria

• NAP-AMR: National action plan on antimicrobial resistance (Federal Ministry for Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection, 2021)
  NAP-AMR: Der Nationale Aktionsplan zur Antibiotikaresistenz (Bundesministerium für Soziales, Gesundheit, Pflege und Konsumentenschutz, 2021)

Belgium

• Belgium "One Health" national action plan to fight against antimicrobial resistance (Belgian Federal Public Service – Health, Food Chain Safety and Environment, 2021; available in English, Dutch, French and German)
• AMR: Operational plan (2021)
  AMR : Operationeel plan (2021)
  AMR : Plan opérationnel (2021)

Croatia

• National programme for the control of antibiotic-resistant bacteria 2017–2021 (Ministry of Health, 2017)
  Nacionalni program za kontrolu otpornosti bakterija na antibiotike 2017–2021

Cyprus

• National strategy of Cyprus against microbial resistance to antibiotics (Ministry of Health, 2012)
  Εθνική Στρατηγική Κύπρου για την Αντιμετώπιση της Μικροβιακής Αντοχής στα Αντιβιοτικά

Czech Republic

• Action plan for the National Antibiotic program of the Czech Republic (AP NAP) for the period 2019-2022 (Government of the Czech Republic, 2019)
  Akční plán Národního antibiotického programu České republiky (AP NAP) na období 2019-2022 (Vlády České Republiky, 2019)

Denmark

• One Health Strategy against Antibiotic Resistance (Ministry of Health, Ministry of Environment and Food, 2017)
  One Health Strategi mod antibiotikaresistens

Finland

• Mikrobilääkeresistenssin torjunnan kansallinen toimintaohjelma 2017-2021 (Sosiaali- ja terveysministeriö, 2017)

France

• 2022-2025 National strategy for prevention of infections and antibiotic resistance (Ministry of Solidarity and Health, 2022)
  Stratégie nationale 2022-2025 de prévention des infections et de l’antibiorésistance (Ministère des Solidarités et de la Santé, 2022)
• Some innovative measures of the French antimicrobial resistance national action plan. May 2019 update: focus on human health (Ministry of Solidarity and Health, 2019)
• Interministerial roadmap for controlling antimicrobial resistance – 13 overarching interministerial measures, 40 actions (Interministerial Committee on Health, 2016)
  1ère Réunion du Comité Interministériel pour la Santé. Maîtriser la résistance bactérienne aux antibiotiques – 13 grandes mesures interministérielles, 40 actions (Comité Interministériel pour la Santé, 2016)

Germany

• National action plan on prevention of antimicrobial resistance (Die Bundesregierung, 2015)
  DART 2020 – Antibiotika-Resistenzen bekämpfen zum Wohl von Mensch und Tier
  DART 2020 – Fighting antibiotic resistance for the good of both humans and animals (English version)

Greece

• National Action Plan for Tackling Microbial Resistance in Greece in the Context of One Health 2019-2023 (Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity, Ministry of Agricultural Development and Food, Ministry of Environment and Energy; 2019)

Iceland

• Report of a working group on measures to reduce the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in Iceland (Ministry of Health, 2017)
  Greinargerð starfshóps um aðgerðir til að draga úr útbreiðslu sýklalyfjaónæmra baktería á Íslandi

Ireland

• Ireland’s One Health National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance 2021 – 2025 (known as iNAP2) (Government of Ireland, 2021)

Italy

• National Plan against Antimicrobial Resistance 2017-2020 (Ministry of Health, 2017)
  Piano Nazionale di Contrasto dell’Antimicrobico-Resistenza (PNCAR) 2017-2020

• Opuscolo - PNCAR - Piano nazionale di contrasto dell'antimicrobico resistenza 2017- 2020

• Leaflet - PNCAR - National action plan on antimicrobial resistance 2017 - 2020

Latvia

• 'One Health' plan on antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use 2019–2020 (Cabinet of Ministers, Order no. 402, 2019)
  Par Antimikrobiālās rezistences ierobežošanas un piesardzīgas antibiotiku lietošanas plānu "Viena veselība" 2019.-2020. gadam (Ministru kabineta rīkojums Nr. 402, 2019)

Lithuania

• Action plan for the prevention and control of the spread of micro-organisms resistant to antimicrobial agents for the period 2017-2021 (Ministry of Health, 2017)
  Dėl Antimikrobinėms medžiagoms atsparių mikroorganizmų plitimo prevencijos ir kontrolės 2017–2021 metų veiksmų plano patvirtinimo

Luxembourg

• National Antibiotic Plan 2018-2022 (Ministry of Health; Ministry of Agriculture, Viticulture and Consumer Protection, 2018)
  Plan National Antibiotiques 2018-2022

Malta

• A Strategy and Action Plan for the Prevention and Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance in Malta 2020 – 2028. A One Health Response to the Threat of AMR (Ministry for Health; Ministry for Agriculture, Fisheries and Animal Rights; 2020)
• Antimicrobial Consumption and Resistance in Malta. Annual Report 2019 (National Antibiotic Committee Malta, 2020)

Netherlands

• Letter to the Parliament on progress in tackling antibiotic resistance (Ministry of Heralth, Wellbeing and Sports, 2021)
  Kamerbrief over voortgang aanpak antibioticaresistentie (Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, 2021)

Norway

• Action plan for better infection control – with the goal of reducing healthcare-associated infections 2019–2023 (Helse- og omsorgsdepartementet, 2019)
  Handlingsplan for et bedre smittevern – med det mål å redusere helsetjenesteassosierte infeksjoner 2019–2023 

• Antimicrobial resistance – knowledge gaps, challenges and relevant measures. Status 2020 (Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 2020)
  Antibiotikaresistens - Kunnskapshull, utfordringer og aktuelle tiltak. Status 2020 (Folkehelseinstituttet, 2020)

• Action plan against antibiotic resistance in healthcare (Helse- og omsorgsdepartementet, 2015)
  Handlingsplan mot antibiotikaresistens i helsetjenesten

• National strategy against antibiotic resistance (2015–2020) (Norwegian Ministries, 2015)
  Nasjonal strategi mot Antibiotikaresistens 2015–2020
  National Strategy against Antibiotic Resistance 2015–2020 (English version)

Poland

• National programme to protect antibiotics 2016-2020 (Ministry of Health, 2016)
  Narodowy program ochrony antybiotyków na lata 2016-2020

Portugal

• National Plan to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance 2019-2023. Scope of the “One Health” Concept (Ministry of Health; Ministry of Agriculture, Forests and Rural Development, Ministry of Environment and Energy Transition; 2019)
  Plano Nacional de Combate à Resistência aos Antimicrobianos 2019-2023. Âmbito do Conceito “Uma só Saúde” (Ministério da Saúde; Ministério Agricultura, Florestas e Desenvolvimento Rural, Ministério do Ambiente e Transição Energética; 2019)

Slovakia

• National action plan for antimicrobial resistance in the Slovak Republic for the period 2019-2021 (State Veterinary and Food Administration, Institute of State control of veterinary biopreparations and pharmaceuticals - Nitra, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ministry of Health, University of Veterinary Medicine – Košice, Chamber of Veterinary Surgeons of the Slovak Republic; 2016)
  Národný akčný plán antimikrobiálnej rezistencie v Slovenskej republike na obdobie rokov 2019-2021 (Štátna veterinárna a potravinová sprava, Ústav štátnej kontroly veterinárnych biopreparátov a liečiv - Nitra, Ministerstvo pôdohospodárstva a rozvoja vidieka SR, Ministerstvo zdravotníctva SR, Univerzita veterinárneho lekárstva v Košiciach, Komora veterinárnych lekárov SR; 2016)

Slovenia

• National strategy "One health" for the control of microbial resistance (2019-2024) with an action plan for the period 2019-2021 (Ministry of Health, 2019)
  Državna strategija »Eno zdravje« za obvladovanje odpornosti mikrobov (2019-2024) z akcijskim načrtom za obdobje 2019-2021 (Ministrstvo za zdravje, 2019)

Spain

• National Plan against Antibiotic Resistance 2019–2021 (Ministry for Health, Consumer Affairs and Social Welfare – Spanish Agency of Medicines and Medical Devices, 2019)
  Plan Nacional frente a la Resistencia a los Antibióticos 2019–2021 (Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social – Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios, 2019)

Sweden

• Cross-sectoral action plan against antibiotic resistance 2021-2024 (Public Health Agency of Sweden, 2021)
  Tvärsektoriell handlingsplan mot antibiotikaresistens 2021-2024 (Folkhälsomyndigheten, 2021)

COUNTRIES OUTSIDE THE EU/EEA

Australia

• Final Progress Report – Australia’s First National Antimicrobial Resistance Strategy 2015–2019 (Australian Government, 2021)
   

Canada

• Tackling Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use: A Pan-Canadian Framework for Action (Government of Canada, 2017)

• Antimicrobial Resistance and Use in Canada: A Federal Framework for Action (Government of Canada, 2014)

• Federal Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance and Use in Canada: Building on the Federal Framework for Action (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2015)

Switzerland

• Strategy on Antibiotic Resistance Switzerland (The Federal Council, 2015)

United Kingdom

• Tackling antimicrobial 2019–2024. The UK’s five-year national action plan (HM Government, 2019)

• Contained and controlled.  The UK’s 20-year vision for antimicrobial resistance (HM Government, 2019)

United States of America

• National Action Plan for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria, Year 5 Report (Federal Task Force for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria, 2022)

• National Action Plan for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria (CARB), 2020-2025 (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 2020)

• Executive Order - Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria (The White House, 2014)

• National Strategy for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria (The White House, 2014)