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ECDC cooperates with countries under the EU enlargement policy to improve their infectious disease prevention and control systems and public health workforce and prepare them for their future participation in ECDC’s work.
ECDC review of communicable disease surveillance in Ukraine
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Cases of monkeypox (MPX) acquired in the EU have recently been reported in nine EU Member States (Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the Netherlands).
Risk assessment: Monkeypox multi-country outbreak
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Since early May, and as of 11 October 2022, 20 455 confirmed cases of monkeypox (MPX) have been reported from 29 European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries, including four deaths. As of 30 September, MPX confirmed cases reported from EU/EEA countries represented almost one third (29.7%) of the cases reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) globally (68 267 cases).
Monkeypox multi-country outbreak - second update
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Since early May 2022 and as of 7 July, cases of monkeypox (MPX) have been reported in non-endemic countries. Twenty-six European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries have reported 4 908 cases, representing 65% of all cases reported worldwide in 2022.
Monkeypox multi-country outbreak - first update
English (1.09 MB - PDF)
This document is an update of the rapid scientific advice published in June 2025. It contains recommendations on the EURL(s) for public health to be implemented under the 2026 EU4Health Work Programme.
Rapid ECDC advice on the designation of future European Reference Laboratories for public health
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From 19 December 2025 to 13 February 2026, six EU countries and the United Kingdom reported infants with gastrointestinal symptoms following the consumption of contaminated infant formula.
Multi-country foodborne event caused by cereulide in infant formula products
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ECDC conducted a technical visit to Kosovo in March 2025 to obtain additional information on the country’s national surveillance system.
Kosovo report on country visit to discuss surveillance communicable diseases
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This report presents the findings and recommendations of the first assessment conducted in France.
Country report: ECDC Public Health Emergency Preparedness Assessment for France, 2025
English (1.72 MB - PDF)
ECDC conducted a technical visit to Türkiye in April 2025 to obtain a comprehensive overview of the country’s national surveillance system, including its operation and governance, its needs, vulnerabilities and strengths.
ECDC country visit to Türkiye to discuss surveillance of communicable diseases
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Influenza vaccine coverage remains below the WHO-recommended threshold for risk groups in most EU/EEA countries, while COVID-19 vaccine coverage is declining across most countries.
Multi-model analysis to quantify the impact of vaccination on COVID-19 and influenza hospitalisation burden among older adults in the EU/EEA, 2024/25
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This report presents the findings and recommendations of the second assessment in the three-year programme, conducted in Finland.
ECDC Public Health Emergency Preparedness Assessment for Finland, 2024
English (2.08 MB - PDF)
Circulating respiratory viruses, including influenza viruses, SARS-CoV-2 and RSV, all contribute to pressure on healthcare systems during winter in the EU/EEA.
Threat Assessment Brief - Assessing the risk of increasing circulation of A(H3N2) subclade K
English (586.88 KB - PDF)
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a prevalent and pervasive highly transmissible virus within the family Pneumoviridae, leading to respiratory illness of varying severity in humans. Most individuals experience their initial infection during early childhood, with near universal exposure by age two.
A living systematic review and meta analysis on the efficacy and safety of respiratory syncytial virus vaccines
English (1.4 MB - PDF)
The 2025/26 season for respiratory diseases is starting in Europe, marked by increased detections of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in several countries and rising rates of influenza-like illness infections in primary care settings.
Rapid scientific advice on protecting infants against respiratory syncytial virus disease for the European 2025/26 winter season
English (714.96 KB - PDF)
This Threat Assessment Brief aims to assess the risk of autochthonous transmission of monkeypox virus (MPXV) clade Ib in EU/EEA countries in the context of male-to-male sexual transmission. It is intended for public health authorities in EU/EEA countries and is based on currently available evidence.
Detection of autochthonous transmission of monkeypox virus clade Ib in the EU/EEA
English (672.37 KB - PDF)
A prolonged cross-border outbreak of Salmonella Strathcona ST2559 is ongoing in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA). From 2023 to 30 September 2025, 437 confirmed cases of S. Strathcona ST2559 were identified in 17 EU/EEA countries (205 additional cases since the first rapid outbreak assessment published on 12 November 2024).
Prolonged multi-country outbreak of Salmonella Strathcona ST2559 linked to consumption of tomatoes in the European Union/European Economic Area – first update
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ECDC cooperates with countries under the EU enlargement policy to improve their infectious disease prevention and control systems and public health workforce to prepare them for their future participation in ECDC’s work.
ECDC country visit to Moldova to discuss surveillance of communicable diseases
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The current report presents findings from a clinical audit conducted on the PrEP Standards of Care module developed by ECDC in collaboration with EACS, which also serves as a model for future audits on other care standards.
Final report from the audit of the HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis standards of care
English (1.29 MB - PDF)
This report presents the findings and recommendations of an assessment conducted in Iceland. This involved a desk review of relevant documents, followed by a five-day country visit that took place between 2 June and 6 June 2025.
Country report: ECDC Public Health Emergency Preparedness Assessment for Iceland, 2025
English (1.42 MB - PDF)
ECDC has the responsibility, in coordination with relevant Union agencies and bodies, to conduct Public Health Emergency Preparedness Assessments of all EU/EEA countries every three years regarding the state of implementation of their national prevention, preparedness and response planning.
Country report: ECDC Public Health Emergency Preparedness Assessment for Latvia, 2025
English (1.06 MB - PDF)
The objective of this survey is to comprehensively characterise and map the existing surveillance systems for HIV/AIDS within the EU/EEA.
Mapping surveillance systems for HIV/AIDS in the EU/EEA 2025
English (5.92 MB - PDF)
The objective of this review was to investigate the efficacy, effectiveness, immunogenicity and safety of HPV vaccination in non-HIV immunocompromised individuals of any age.
A systematic review and meta-analyses of the efficacy, effectiveness, immunogenicity and safety of HPV vaccination in non-HIV immunocompromised individuals
English (2.21 MB - PDF)
This report presents the results of an ECDC survey among members of the SoHO-Net blood group on the donor assessment and deferral strategies for blood donors in the EU/EEA countries with regard to dengue virus.
Deferral criteria and testing strategies for dengue virus in blood donors returning from affected areas
English (693.35 KB - PDF)
ECDC is cooperating with countries in the Western Balkans and Türkiye to improve their infectious disease prevention and control systems and public health workforce in order to prepare them for their future participation in the Centre’s work.
ECDC country visit to Bosnia and Herzegovina to discuss surveillance of communicable diseases
English (332.93 KB - PDF)
This report presents the findings and recommendations of the first assessment in the three-year programme for Article 8 conducted in Spain.
Country report: ECDC Public Health Emergency Preparedness Assessment for Spain, 2024
English (1.21 MB - PDF)