Enjoying the summer safely: health risks to keep in mind

Summer brings opportunities to travel, spend more time outdoors and connect with family and friends. However, the risk of infectious diseases can also increase during this period, with warmer temperatures, changes in environmental conditions, and more travel, all increasing exposure.

While the specific risks vary across Europe, many can be reduced through simple preventive measures.

Mosquito-borne diseases: a changing landscape

Mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue, chikungunya and West Nile virus infection are becoming an increasing public health concern in Europe. While dengue and chikungunya remain largely associated with international travel, local transmission is occurring more frequently in some parts of Europe where the mosquitoes transmitting these viruses are now present. For example, West Nile virus is already to be found in several European countries.

Travellers should check health advice before departure and take steps to prevent mosquito bites. People living in areas where these mosquitoes are present can also help reduce the risk by preventing mosquitoes from breeding in and around their homes and gardens.

Ticks and outdoor activities

Spending time outdoors in summer is fun, but it can also increase exposure to ticks. Ticks, which are found in many parts of Europe, can transmit Lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE).

Simple measures, such as using insect repellent, wearing protective clothing and checking yourself, your children and pets for ticks after outdoor activities can help reduce the risk of infection. Vaccination is also available against tick-borne encephalitis in some areas.

Sexual health

New data from ECDC show that sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have reached record levels across Europe. 

Using condoms, discussing sexual health with partners, and getting tested after unprotected sex or potential exposure are some of the most effective ways to protect yourself and others.

Many infections do not cause symptoms, meaning that people can unknowingly pass them on to sexual partners. These ‘silent’ infections can also lead to complications and affect sexual health. 

Food safety during the summer

Travelling, picnics, barbecues, and festivals can increase the risk of foodborne illness, particularly during warm weather. It is important to remember that contaminated food can appear, taste and smell normal. 

Basic food safety precautions, such as washing hands, cooking food thoroughly, washing fruit and vegetables, keeping raw and cooked foods separate, and storing food safely, can significantly reduce the risk of infection.

A seasonal reminder about Vibrio  bacteria

Warmer summer temperatures can also create favourable conditions for Vibrio bacteria in coastal waters. Although infections remain relatively rare in Europe, they can occur as a result of exposure of open wounds to seawater or consumption of raw or undercooked shellfish.

Avoiding the exposure of open wounds to seawater and ensuring seafood is thoroughly cooked can help reduce the risk. 

To help with the planning of a trip to the coast, ECDC has launched an updated Vibrio Viewer that predicts where environmental conditions are favourable for the growth of Vibrio bacteria in marine environments.

Vaccination is an important part of travel preparation

Before travelling, it is important to check whether both adults and children are up-to-date with routine vaccinations and to consult healthcare providers about any additional vaccines that may be recommended. 

Some vaccines require multiple doses or a certain amount of time before they provide protection, so advance planning is crucial.

Simple steps can make a difference

Most summer health risks can be reduced through practical preventive measures. Whether travelling abroad, spending time outdoors, attending events, or enjoying local activities, stay informed and take simple precautions so that you can enjoy the summer safely.

For more information on summer health risks and prevention measures, view our guide below: