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This document provides guidance on diagnostic testing, molecular characterisation and metagenomic analysis for suspect cases of severe acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology.

This document provides the final report of a scoping review undertaken as part of a wider study on the ‘Assessment of point of care testing devices for infectious disease surveillance, prevention and control’ that was commissioned by ECDC and undertaken by RAND Europe between November 2019 and April 2020. 

An increase in severe acute hepatitis cases of unknown aetiology among previously healthy children was first reported by the United Kingdom (UK) on 5 April 2022.

This reporting protocol is intended for reporting national case-based data for surveillance of hepatitis of unknown origin from all the countries and areas of the WHO European Region, including the 27 countries of the European Union (EU) and the additional three countries of the European Economic Area (EEA), to the European level.

In 2016, 26 countries in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) reported 783 confirmed cases of leptospirosis.

Annual Epidemiological Report for leptospirosis 2016. ECDC’s annual surveillance reports provide a wealth of epidemiological data to support decision-making at the national level. They are mainly intended for public health professionals and policymakers involved in disease prevention and control programmes.

In 2015, 1 222 cases of leptospirosis were reported, including 626 confirmed cases.

On 29 August 2017, the US National Hurricane Center (NHC) reported the formation of the Hurricane Irma in the Atlantic Ocean. On 31 August 2017, Hurricane Irma was classified as category 3 on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale ranging from 1 to 5, however in the days that followed it gained in intensity.