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Risk Assessment for the Transmission of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-Cov) on Aircraft: A Systematic Review

Peer-Reviewed Publication

Jan 2021 - Epidemiol Infect - 149

Berruga-Fernández, T., Robesyn, E., Korhonen, T., Penttinen, P., Jansa, J.M.

  • Europe
  • Infectious diseases on aircrafts
  • Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
  • Public health threat
  • Risk assessment guidelines for infectious diseases transmitted on aircraft (RAGIDA)

Publication

Risk assessment guidelines for infectious diseases transmitted on aircraft (RAGIDA) - Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV)

Guidance - 22 Jan 2020

The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was first discovered in 2012 in a patient who died from severe respiratory disease. Since then, and as of 16 January 2020, 2 521 cases have been reported worldwide, including 919 deaths (crude case fatality 36%). Most cases have been reported from the Arabian Peninsula (and around 84% specifically from Saudi Arabia), and all cases elsewhere had a travel history to the Arabian Peninsula or were a contact of someone who had a travel history to the region.

Risk assessment guidelines for infectious diseases transmitted on aircraft (RAGIDA) - Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) - EN - [PDF-376.2 KB]
  • China
  • Coronavirus
  • EU/EEA
  • Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
  • Public health threat
  • Risk assessment guidelines for infectious diseases transmitted on aircraft (RAGIDA)
  • Saudi Arabia
  • Scientific advice

Systematic review on tuberculosis transmission on aircraft and update of the European centre for disease prevention and control risk assessment guidelines for tuberculosis transmitted on aircraft (RAGIDA-TB)

Peer-Reviewed Publication

Jan 2016 - Euro Surveill. - 21(4)

Kotila, S.M., Payne Hallström, L., Jansen, N., Helbling, P., Abubakar, I.

  • Epidemiology
  • Public health threat
  • Risk assessment guidelines for infectious diseases transmitted on aircraft (RAGIDA)
  • Tuberculosis

Publication

Risk assessment guidelines for infectious diseases transmitted on aircraft (RAGIDA) – Tuberculosis

Technical guidance - 20 May 2014

​This guideline document presents several procedures intended to assist in the evaluation of risk for transmission of tuberculosis on board aircraft.

Risk assessment guidelines for infectious diseases transmitted on aircraft (RAGIDA) – Tuberculosis - EN - [PDF-382.38 KB]
  • Infectious diseases on aircrafts
  • Public health threat
  • Risk assessment guidelines for infectious diseases transmitted on aircraft (RAGIDA)
  • Scientific advice
  • Travellers' health
  • Tuberculosis

Publication

Risk assessment guidelines for infectious diseases transmitted on aircraft (RAGIDA): Influenza

Technical guidance - 29 Apr 2014

This report which is part of the RAGIDA project (Risk Assessment Guidance for Infectious Diseases transmitted on Aircraft) provides viable options for decision-makers when faced with the choice of whether to contact trace air travellers and crew that were potentially exposed to infectious diseases during a flight.

Risk assessment guidelines for infectious diseases transmitted on aircraft (RAGIDA): Influenza - EN - [PDF-1.09 MB]
  • Avian influenza virus
  • EU/EEA
  • Infectious diseases on aircrafts
  • Influenza
  • Influenza A (H1N1)2009
  • Influenza A(H5N1) virus
  • Influenza A(H5N2) virus
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  • Influenza A(H7N9) virus
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  • Risk assessment guidelines for infectious diseases transmitted on aircraft (RAGIDA)
  • Travellers' health

European risk assessment guidance for infectious diseases transmitted on aircraft - the RAGIDA project

Peer-Reviewed Publication

Apr 2011 - Euro Surveill. - 16(16)

Leitmeyer, K.

  • Anthrax
  • Diphtheria
  • Ebola haemorrhagic fever
  • Europe
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  • Lassa fever
  • Marburg haemorrhagic fever
  • Measles
  • Meningococcal disease
  • Risk assessment guidelines for infectious diseases transmitted on aircraft (RAGIDA)
  • Rubella
  • Smallpox
  • Tuberculosis

Publication

Technical guidance on risk assessment guidelines for diseases transmitted on aircraft (RAGIDA). Part 2: Operational guidelines - Second edition

Technical guidance - 13 Dec 2010

In the closed cabin environment of modern airplanes, passengers are frequently exposed to various infectious diseases.

1012_GUI_RAGIDA_2.pdf - EN - [PDF-768.95 KB]
  • Infectious diseases on aircrafts
  • Measles
  • Meningococcal disease
  • Preparedness
  • Risk assessment guidelines for infectious diseases transmitted on aircraft (RAGIDA)
  • Rubella
  • Scientific advice
  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
  • Tuberculosis
  • Viral haemorrhagic fever

Publication

Risk assessment guidelines for diseases transmitted on aircraft (RAGIDA) - Part 2: Operational guidelines for assisting the evaluation of risk for transmission by disease

Technical guidance - 26 Nov 2009

In June 2009, ECDC convened a technical expert consultation that focused on tuberculosis, new emerging airborne diseases (e.g. SARS) and meningococcal infections. This consultation was the second of a two-part process intended to assist national authorities in the EU Member States in the assessment of risks associated with the transmission of various infectious agents on board airplanes.

0911_GUI_Risk_Assessment_Guidelines_for_Diseases_Transmitted_on_Aircraft.pdf - EN - [PDF-557.67 KB]
  • Europe
  • Meningococcal disease
  • Risk assessment guidelines for infectious diseases transmitted on aircraft (RAGIDA)
  • Scientific advice
  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
  • Tuberculosis

Publication

Risk assessment guidelines for infectious diseases transmitted on aircraft

Technical guidance - 16 Jun 2009

In the closed cabin environment of modern airplanes, passengers are frequently exposed to various infectious diseases. This report looks at 12 infectious diseases and, by systematically evaluating literature on on-board transmission, attempts to assess the risk of infection via air circulation in airplanes.
These guidelines are complemented by operational guidelines in relation to tuberculosis, new emerging airborne diseases (e.g. SARS) and meningococcal infections.

0906_TER_Risk_Assessment_Guidelines_for_Infectious_Diseases_Transmitted_on_Aircraft.pdf - EN - [PDF-887.46 KB]
  • Europe
  • Influenza
  • Meningococcal disease
  • Public health threat
  • Risk assessment guidelines for infectious diseases transmitted on aircraft (RAGIDA)
  • Scientific advice
  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
  • Tuberculosis

Travellers' health and infectious diseases on aircraft

As increasing numbers of people travel by air, the potential risk of introduction and spread of infectious diseases by travellers is on the rise. Figures from Eurostat reveal that around 900 million passengers annually are carried on flights within the European Union (EU) alone.

  • Avian influenza virus
  • EU/EEA
  • Infectious diseases on aircrafts
  • Influenza
  • Influenza in humans, avian origin
  • Influenza in humans, seasonal
  • Risk assessment guidelines for infectious diseases transmitted on aircraft (RAGIDA)
  • Travellers' health
  • Zoonotic influenza

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