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This is an authoritative independent evidence-based review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccines. It confines itself to trials and observational studies where diagnostic tests confirmed influenza infection as the end point.

Systematic review and meta-analysis concerning the efficacy and effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccines

This paper gives the results from the third season of the ‘Influenza Monitoring Vaccine Effectiveness in Europe’ (I-MOVE) Project.

Influenza viruses pose a particular challenge for those designing vaccines for humans. Much of the protective immunity that humans have against these viruses following natural infection or vaccination is due to immunological recognition of the haemagglutinin (HA) surface glycoprotein.

​A rapid communication published on April 12th 2012 describes the early results of the annual multicentre case-control study undertaken by the ECDC sponsored I-MOVE consortium whose work is coordinated by an Epiconcept team

Influenza vaccine experts from thirteen EU countries and invited guests from Canada and the US gathered for three days July 1-3, 2013 in Annecy, France to report and discuss obtained national and pooled multi-country seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) obtained in the 2012/2013 season. The meeting was co-organized by ECDC and Epiconcept.

The authors used a test-negative case control design to estimate the 2013/14 influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) in patients seen with influenza-like illness as outpatients in Spain during December 2013-January 2014.

On the 26 October 2011, The Lancet Infectious Diseases published a systematic review and a meta-analysis, combining the results of several studies undertaken on influenza vaccine effectiveness.

Preliminary results of European vaccine effectiveness study show decreased protective effect of the seasonal influenza vaccine in 2011/2012 season. ECDC Director Marc Sprenger calls for action.

Influenza vaccination coverage among high-risk groups has dropped in the European Region over the last seven years, and half the countries report a decrease in the number of vaccine doses available.