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The mpox (monkeypox) virus is transmitted to humans through a bite or direct contact with an infected animal’s blood, body fluids or cutaneous/mucosal lesions.

Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers are relatively rare in the EU/EEA, and are mainly acquired during travel to countries outside the EU/EEA, particularly South Asia.

Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers are severe systemic diseases which are relatively rare in the EU/EEA and mainly acquired during travel to countries outside the EU/EEA, particularly South Asia.

This list below shows the current accommodation sites in EU/EEA countries with which clusters of Legionnaires’ disease have been identified but where the European Legionnaires’ disease Surveillance Network (ELDSNet) is unable to assess the risk of Legionella infection, or where ELDSNet believe there may be increased risk to travellers.

This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) covers the period 14-17 May 2023 and includes updates on Legionnaires’ disease, avian or animal influenza (H5), MDR S.Typhi, Marburg virus disease and antifungal-resistant Trichophyton indotineae.

This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) covers the period 7-13 May 2023 and includes updates on measles, COVID-19, influenza and swine influenza, group A Streptococcal infection, Marburg virus disease, Lassa fever, diphtheria and mpox.

Between 2 March and 28 April 2023, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5Nx) virus, clade 2.3.4.4b, outbreaks were reported in domestic (106) and wild (610) birds across 24 countries in Europe.

EU/EEA countries are reporting an increased number of Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates carrying the blaNDM-5 gene that makes them resistant to carbapenems, antibiotics that are often used as last resort to treat serious E. coli infections.

Analysis of whole genome sequencing and epidemiological data of 874 E. coli isolates from the national collections of 13 countries confirmed the increase of E. coli isolates carrying blaNDM-5 which was previously detected in the CCRE survey.

Between 2018 and 2020, nearly 20 000 surgical site infections (SSIs) were reported from a total of over 1.2 million surgical procedures in 13 EU/EEA countries participating in ECDC-coordinated SSI surveillance. Over 2 500 hospitals are part of this surveillance network.