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Since 1 January 2013 there have been 15 laboratory-confirmed cases of hepatitis A (HAV) infection reported in Germany, the Netherlands and Poland. All cases had travelled to the provinces of Trento and Bolzano in northern Italy during the exposure period.

This risk assessment focuses on the threat to the refugee population from communicable diseases and assesses the situation in Europe, associated with the current movements of refugees across the region and in the context of their living conditions and the approaching winter, access to shelter, sanitation and health services.

This document provides a checklist of infectious diseases to be considered among migrant populations and serves as a reminder for frontline healthcare workers of the risks of infectious diseases for newly-arrived migrants.

This risk assessment is triggered by the increase in the number of yellow fever cases among EU travellers with exposure in South America since August 2016 and assesses the risk of contracting yellow fever for travellers to South America.

This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) covers the period 23 July - 29 July 2017 and includes updates on measles, seasonal influenza, West Nile fever, legionnaires' disease and chikungunya, dengue and Zika viruses.

This rapid risk assessment evaluates the risk of transmission and further spread of OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumonia e ST392 from travellers having sought medical care in Gran Canaria to healthcare facilities in their country of origin in the EU/EEA.

The risks assessed in this document are of the introduction and further spread of monkeypox in the EU/EEA, infection with regards to different settings (e.g. healthcare, community, etc.) and transmission through SoHO.