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In 2019, the hajj will take place between 9 and 14 August. The risk for EU/EEA citizens to become infected with communicable diseases during the 2019 hajj is considered low, thanks to the vaccination requirements for travelling to Makkah (Mecca) and the Saudi Arabian preparedness plans that address the management of health hazards during and after hajj.

This report assesses the risk of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) among patients with severe influenza in hospital intensive care units in the European Union (EU)/European Economic Area (EEA)

First detections indicated circulation of A(H3N2) and B/Yamagata viruses. As the former subtype dominated last season, a high proportion of the population should be protected. However, the emergence of variant strains cannot be excluded and this would increase the likelihood of severe outcomes in the elderly

Since the notification of a novel reassortant influenza A(H7N9) virus on 31 March 2013, 1 548 laboratory-confirmed cases of human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus have been reported.

This rapid risk assessment builds on the fifth update of the ECDC rapid risk assessments on avian influenza published on 27 January 2017 [1] and on the recent public health development dated 24 February 2017.

Fifth update of the risk assessment on human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus, summarising the epidemiological and virological information on the disease in China and Canada, and assessing the risk to public health in the EU/EEA.

This updated risk assessment provides an overview of the current influenza situation in Europe.

Early-season risk assessment for EU/EEA countries to inform national public health authorities of the key attributes of the ongoing influenza season.

This Rapid Risk Assessment summarises the epidemiological, virological and environmental information relating to outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus subtype A(H5N8) in Europe up to 15 November 2016.

This risk assessment summarises the development of the 2015–16 influenza season, which so far has been characterised by a prevalence of type A viruses.