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The 2020–2021 avian influenza epidemic with a total of 3,777 reported highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) detections and approximately 22,900,000 affected poultry birds in 31 European Countries appears to be one of the largest HPAI epidemics that has ever occurred in Europe.

This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) covers the period 12-18 September 2021 and includes updates on the ECDC podcast, COVID-19, swine influenza, Nipah virus, meningitis, pneumonic plague, influenza, West Nile virus, avian influenza.

For the EU/EEA, influenza activity remained at or below inter-seasonal levels throughout the 2020−21 season, probably due to the impact of the various public health and social measures implemented to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Only 10 sentinel and 158 non-sentinel specimens tested positive for influenza during the 2020−21 season. Compared with previous seasons a slightly lower number of samples were tested in sentinel surveillance and a similar number in non-sentinel surveillance.

No human cases of avian influenza were reported in the EU/EEA for 2020. Sporadic human cases of avian influenza A(H5N1), A(H5N6, A(H5N8) and A(H9N2) infection were reported.

This is the ninth report for the 2020-2021 influenza season. As of week 28/2021, only 943 influenza detections across the WHO European Region had been reported to the European Surveillance System (TESSy); 51% type A viruses, with A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09 being approximately equally represented, and 49% type B viruses with only 16 having been ascribed to a lineage, 13 B/Victoria and three B/Yamagata.

This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) covers the period 18-24 July 2021 and includes updates on Escherichia coli ST38, COVID-19, Vibrio growth in the Baltic Sea the Olympic Games in Tokyo 2020 (2021), West Nile virus, avian influenza and cholera.

This is the eighth report for the 2020-2021 influenza season. As at week 24/2021, only 934 influenza detections across the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region had been reported to TESSy.

This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) covers the period 4-10 July 2021 and includes updates on the Olympic games of Tokyo 2020, COVID-19, West Nile virus, measles, dengue, the UEFA European Football Championship 2020, and swine influenza.

This study provides insights for national public health authorities into the factors behind the spread of vaccine misinformation online and the options and capacities needed for responding to it.