Vector-borne diseases rely upon organisms, named vectors, such as mosquitoes, ticks or sandflies that have an active role in the transmission of a pathogen from one host to the other.
Many factors that may facilitate the introduction and establishment of disease vectors, reservoirs or pathogens in new geographic areas could lead to the emergence of a disease in the European Union (EU). These factors include international travel and trade, e.g. legal and illegal trade in animals and animal products, new agricultural practices and land-use patterns, socio-demographic evolution and climatic changes.
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| Aedes aegypti |
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 Mosquito species, originated in south-east Asia but has spread to America, Africa, Australia and Europe.
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| Aedes albopictus |
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 An important invasive mosquito species that could have an impact on European public health.
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| Aedes japonicus |
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 An invasive mosquito species, originated in Eastern Asia and the Far East, but now widely established in North America and in parts of central Europe.
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Hyalomma marginatum |
 A hard tick species occurring in southern Europe, southern Asia and Africa. |
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Ixodes ricinus |
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 An indigenous hard tick species having a wide geographical distribution throughout Europe.
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| Babesiosis |
| Babesiosis is an illness caused by a parasite of the Babesia spp., which is transmitted mainly by ticksinfects and destroys the red blood cells. |
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| Borreliosis |
| Borreliosis, also known as Lyme disease, is caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi and is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected ticks. |
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| Chikungunya |
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Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne viral disease causing symptoms such as fever, joint pain, muscle pain, headache and nose and gum bleeding. |
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| Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever |
| Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne viral disease. Evidence for the virus has been found among ticks in Africa, Asia, the Middle East and Eastern Europe. |
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| Dengue fever |
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Humans are infected with dengue virus through bites of tiger (Aedes) mosquitoes. It is present in Asia, the Pacific, the Caribbean, the Americas and Africa. |
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| Rickettsiosis |
| Rickettsiosis/rickettsioses are a group of diseases generally caused by species of Rickettsia, a genus of obligate intracellular bacteria. Most of the Rickettsioses are transmitted by ticks. |
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| Rift Valley fever |
| An acute viral disease that affects domestic animals (such as cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, and camels). Humans may become infected through direct or indirect contact with the blood or organs of infected animals. |
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| Tick-borne encephalitis |
| Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a human viral infectious disease involving the central nervous system; the virus is transmitted by the bite of infected ticks. |
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| Tick-borne diseases |
| Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), Borreliosis, also known as Lyme disease, Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), Tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF), Tularaemia, Rickettsioses/rickettsiosis. |
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| Viral haemorrhagic fevers |
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A number of diseases are included under the heading “viral haemorrhagic fevers” (VHFs), with differences in type of virus, geographical distribution, incidence, etc. |
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| Yellow fever |
| Yellow fever is a viral infection that is present in some tropical areas of Africa and the central area of South America, where it has caused large outbreaks in the past. |
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| Zika virus infection |
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Zika virus is a member of the Flaviviridae family and is transmitted to humans by mosquitoes. It is related to other pathogenic vector borne flaviviruses including dengue, West-Nile and Japanese encephalitis viruses | |
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